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Net effects of multiple stressors in freshwater ecosystems: a meta-analysis

Jackson, Michelle C. ; Loewen, Charlie J. G. ; Vinebrooke, Rolf D. ; Chimimba, Christian T.

Global change biology, 2016-01, Vol.22 (1), p.180-189 [Periódico revisado por pares]

England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd

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  • Título:
    Net effects of multiple stressors in freshwater ecosystems: a meta-analysis
  • Autor: Jackson, Michelle C. ; Loewen, Charlie J. G. ; Vinebrooke, Rolf D. ; Chimimba, Christian T.
  • Assuntos: Acclimatization ; antagonism ; Aquatic ecosystems ; Biodiversity ; Biota ; Climate Change ; cumulative impacts ; ecological surprises ; Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; Freshwater ; functional resistance ; Global warming ; Meta-analysis ; Nitrification ; reversals ; Stress, Physiological ; synergy
  • É parte de: Global change biology, 2016-01, Vol.22 (1), p.180-189
  • Notas: Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology (CIB)
    istex:5508B7CB651A2E6F11D11FBDB16F63BF413966FF
    Canadian Aquatic Invasive Species Network (CAISN)
    ArticleID:GCB13028
    Data S1. Detailed methods: Details of data search and selection criteria, effect size calculation and interpretation, weighted meta-analyses and vote-counting methodology.Data S2. Meta-Analysis Tables and References: Interaction effect sizes and related information for each study used in our meta-analyses (Table S1), mean interaction effect sizes and details of meta-analytic models used in our analyses (Table S2) and a detailed list of data references.Data S3. Robustness of meta-analytic results: Detailed analysis of potential publication bias and sensitivity of our results to variations in sample sizes and effect size outliers.
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  • Descrição: The accelerating rate of global change has focused attention on the cumulative impacts of novel and extreme environmental changes (i.e. stressors), especially in marine ecosystems. As integrators of local catchment and regional processes, freshwater ecosystems are also ranked highly sensitive to the net effects of multiple stressors, yet there has not been a large‐scale quantitative synthesis. We analysed data from 88 papers including 286 responses of freshwater ecosystems to paired stressors and discovered that overall, their cumulative mean effect size was less than the sum of their single effects (i.e. an antagonistic interaction). Net effects of dual stressors on diversity and functional performance response metrics were additive and antagonistic, respectively. Across individual studies, a simple vote‐counting method revealed that the net effects of stressor pairs were frequently more antagonistic (41%) than synergistic (28%), additive (16%) or reversed (15%). Here, we define a reversal as occurring when the net impact of two stressors is in the opposite direction (negative or positive) from that of the sum of their single effects. While warming paired with nutrification resulted in additive net effects, the overall mean net effect of warming combined with a second stressor was antagonistic. Most importantly, the mean net effects across all stressor pairs and response metrics were consistently antagonistic or additive, contrasting the greater prevalence of reported synergies in marine systems. Here, a possible explanation for more antagonistic responses by freshwater biota to stressors is that the inherent greater environmental variability of smaller aquatic ecosystems fosters greater potential for acclimation and co‐adaptation to multiple stressors.
  • Editor: England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Idioma: Inglês
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  • Realização: ABCD-USP USP   Logos de Redes Sociais: Freepik

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