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On the origin of obesity: identifying the biological, environmental and cultural drivers of genetic risk among human populations

Qasim, A. ; Turcotte, M. ; Souza, R. J. ; Samaan, M. C. ; Champredon, D. ; Dushoff, J. ; Speakman, J. R. ; Meyre, D.

Obesity reviews, 2018-02, Vol.19 (2), p.121-149 [Periódico revisado por pares]

England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc

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Título:
On the origin of obesity: identifying the biological, environmental and cultural drivers of genetic risk among human populations
Autor: Qasim, A. ; Turcotte, M. ; Souza, R. J. ; Samaan, M. C. ; Champredon, D. ; Dushoff, J. ; Speakman, J. R. ; Meyre, D.
Assuntos: Adaptation, Physiological ; Adaptations ; Adiposity - genetics ; Adiposity - physiology ; Alleles ; Biological evolution ; Energy Metabolism - genetics ; Energy Metabolism - physiology ; Epidemics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Epigenetics ; Evolution ; Gene expression ; Gene frequency ; gene pleiotropy ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetic Drift ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetic predisposition to obesity ; Genetic variance ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics ; Genomes ; Genotypes ; Human populations ; Humans ; Malnutrition ; Mathematical models ; Mating ; mating systems ; Models, Theoretical ; natural selection ; Obesity ; Obesity - etiology ; Obesity - genetics ; Obesity - physiopathology ; Pleiotropy ; Population genetics
É parte de: Obesity reviews, 2018-02, Vol.19 (2), p.121-149
Notas: ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
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ObjectType-Review-1
Descrição: Summary Genetic predisposition to obesity presents a paradox: how do genetic variants with a detrimental impact on human health persist through evolutionary time? Numerous hypotheses, such as the thrifty genotype hypothesis, attempt to explain this phenomenon yet fail to provide a justification for the modern obesity epidemic. In this critical review, we appraise existing theories explaining the evolutionary origins of obesity and explore novel biological and sociocultural agents of evolutionary change to help explain the modern‐day distribution of obesity‐predisposing variants. Genetic drift, acting as a form of ‘blind justice,’ may randomly affect allele frequencies across generations while gene pleiotropy and adaptations to diverse environments may explain the rise and subsequent selection of obesity risk alleles. As an adaptive response, epigenetic regulation of gene expression may impact the manifestation of genetic predisposition to obesity. Finally, exposure to malnutrition and disease epidemics in the wake of oppressive social systems, culturally mediated notions of attractiveness and desirability, and diverse mating systems may play a role in shaping the human genome. As an important first step towards the identification of important drivers of obesity gene evolution, this review may inform empirical research focused on testing evolutionary theories by way of population genetics and mathematical modelling.
Editor: England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Idioma: Inglês

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On the origin of obesity: identifying the biological, environmental and cultural drivers of genetic risk among human populations

Qasim, A. ; Turcotte, M. ; Souza, R. J. ; Samaan, M. C. ; Champredon, D. ; Dushoff, J. ; Speakman, J. R. ; Meyre, D.

England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc

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