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Tundra wildfire triggers sustained lateral nutrient loss in Alaskan Arctic

Abbott, Benjamin W. ; Rocha, Adrian V. ; Shogren, Arial ; Zarnetske, Jay P. ; Iannucci, Frances ; Bowden, William B. ; Bratsman, Samuel P. ; Patch, Leika ; Watts, Rachel ; Fulweber, Randy ; Frei, Rebecca J. ; Huebner, Amanda M. ; Ludwig, Sarah M. ; Carling, Gregory T. ; O’Donnell, Jonathan A.

Global change biology, 2021-04, Vol.27 (7), p.1408-1430 [Periódico revisado por pares]

England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd

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Título:
Tundra wildfire triggers sustained lateral nutrient loss in Alaskan Arctic
Autor: Abbott, Benjamin W. ; Rocha, Adrian V. ; Shogren, Arial ; Zarnetske, Jay P. ; Iannucci, Frances ; Bowden, William B. ; Bratsman, Samuel P. ; Patch, Leika ; Watts, Rachel ; Fulweber, Randy ; Frei, Rebecca J. ; Huebner, Amanda M. ; Ludwig, Sarah M. ; Carling, Gregory T. ; O’Donnell, Jonathan A.
Assuntos: Alaska ; Aquatic environment ; Arctic ; Arctic Regions ; Atmospheric pollution deposition ; Biomass burning ; Carbon ; Climate change ; disturbance ; Ecosystem ; Ecosystem disturbance ; Ecosystem recovery ; ecosystem succession ; Ecosystems ; Environmental changes ; hydrology ; Isotopes ; Leaching ; Mineral nutrients ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogenation ; nutrient flux ; Nutrient loss ; Nutrient release ; Nutrient uptake ; Nutrients ; Optical analysis ; Organic carbon ; Organic matter ; Organic nitrogen ; Organic phosphorus ; Permafrost ; Phosphorus ; Plant growth ; Polar environments ; Recovery ; Release mechanisms ; Senescence ; Snowmelt ; Soil ; Stocks ; streams ; Sulfur ; Sulphur ; Taiga & tundra ; Terrestrial environments ; Tundra ; Uptake ; Water chemistry ; Water samples ; Water sampling ; watershed ; Watersheds ; wildfire ; Wildfires
É parte de: Global change biology, 2021-04, Vol.27 (7), p.1408-1430
Descrição: Climate change is creating widespread ecosystem disturbance across the permafrost zone, including a rapid increase in the extent and severity of tundra wildfire. The expansion of this previously rare disturbance has unknown consequences for lateral nutrient flux from terrestrial to aquatic environments. Lateral loss of nutrients could reduce carbon uptake and slow recovery of already nutrient‐limited tundra ecosystems. To investigate the effects of tundra wildfire on lateral nutrient export, we analyzed water chemistry in and around the 10‐year‐old Anaktuvuk River fire scar in northern Alaska. We collected water samples from 21 burned and 21 unburned watersheds during snowmelt, at peak growing season, and after plant senescence in 2017 and 2018. After a decade of ecosystem recovery, aboveground biomass had recovered in burned watersheds, but overall carbon and nitrogen remained ~20% lower, and the active layer remained ~10% deeper. Despite lower organic matter stocks, dissolved organic nutrients were substantially elevated in burned watersheds, with higher flow‐weighted concentrations of organic carbon (25% higher), organic nitrogen (59% higher), organic phosphorus (65% higher), and organic sulfur (47% higher). Geochemical proxies indicated greater interaction with mineral soils in watersheds with surface subsidence, but optical analysis and isotopes suggested that recent plant growth, not mineral soil, was the main source of organic nutrients in burned watersheds. Burned and unburned watersheds had similar δ15N‐NO3−, indicating that exported nitrogen was of preburn origin (i.e., not recently fixed). Lateral nitrogen flux from burned watersheds was 2‐ to 10‐fold higher than rates of background nitrogen fixation and atmospheric deposition estimated in this area. These findings indicate that wildfire in Arctic tundra can destabilize nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur previously stored in permafrost via plant uptake and leaching. This plant‐mediated nutrient loss could exacerbate terrestrial nutrient limitation after disturbance or serve as an important nutrient release mechanism during succession. Climate change is expanding wildfire in Arctic tundra where it could affect carbon and nutrient balance. We measured carbon and nutrients in 42 streams in and around a large, decade‐old wildfire scar in northern Alaska. Surprisingly, dissolved organic carbon and nutrients were higher in burned watersheds, indicating sustained nutrient loss despite lower organic stocks and higher terrestrial nutrient demand. Biogeochemical proxies indicated that recent plant growth was the main source of nutrients in burned watersheds. This plant‐mediated nutrient loss could exacerbate terrestrial nutrient limitation after disturbance or serve as an important nutrient release mechanism increasing tundra resilience to climate change.
Editor: England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Idioma: Inglês

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Tundra wildfire triggers sustained lateral nutrient loss in Alaskan Arctic

Abbott, Benjamin W. ; Rocha, Adrian V. ; Shogren, Arial ; Zarnetske, Jay P. ; Iannucci, Frances ; Bowden, William B. ; Bratsman, Samuel P. ; Patch, Leika ; Watts, Rachel ; Fulweber, Randy ; Frei, Rebecca J. ; Huebner, Amanda M. ; Ludwig, Sarah M. ; Carling, Gregory T. ; O’Donnell, Jonathan A.

England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd

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