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An Analysis of the United States and United Kingdom Smallpox Epidemics (1901-5) - The Special Relationship that Tested Public Health Strategies for Disease Control

Brabin, Bernard

Medical history, 2020-01, Vol.64 (1), p.1-31 [Periódico revisado por pares]

England: Cambridge University Press

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Título:
An Analysis of the United States and United Kingdom Smallpox Epidemics (1901-5) - The Special Relationship that Tested Public Health Strategies for Disease Control
Autor: Brabin, Bernard
Assuntos: 19th century ; 20th century ; Annual reports ; British history ; Cholera ; Cities ; Commerce - history ; Communicable Disease Control - legislation & jurisprudence ; Communicable Disease Control - methods ; Disease control ; Epidemics ; Epidemics - history ; Epidemiology ; Health risks ; History of medicine and histology ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Hospitals, Isolation - history ; Humans ; Immunization ; Incubation ; Infections ; Inspection ; Mass Screening - history ; Outbreaks ; Ports ; Public health ; Public Health Practice - history ; Quarantine ; Quarantine - history ; Ships ; Ships - history ; Smallpox ; Smallpox - epidemiology ; Smallpox - history ; Smallpox Vaccine - history ; Surgeons ; Travel - history ; Tropical diseases ; United Kingdom ; United States ; Vaccination ; Vaccination - history ; Vaccines
É parte de: Medical history, 2020-01, Vol.64 (1), p.1-31
Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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The author wishes to acknowledge Dr Loretta Brabin and the three anonymous reviewers for critical appraisal of the manuscript; Mr David McGuirk for assistance with medical illustration; the University of Liverpool Inter-Library Loan Team; and staff at the Wirral Archives, Liverpool and Birkenhead Central Reference Libraries, and Wellcome Trust Reference Library, London.
Descrição: At the end of the nineteenth century, the northern port of Liverpool had become the second largest in the United Kingdom. Fast transatlantic steamers to Boston and other American ports exploited this route, increasing the risk of maritime disease epidemics. The 1901-3 epidemic in Liverpool was the last serious smallpox outbreak in Liverpool and was probably seeded from these maritime contacts, which introduced a milder form of the disease that was more difficult to trace because of its long incubation period and occurrence of undiagnosed cases. The characteristics of these epidemics in Boston and Liverpool are described and compared with outbreaks in New York, Glasgow and London between 1900 and 1903. Public health control strategies, notably medical inspection, quarantine and vaccination, differed between the two countries and in both settings were inconsistently applied, often for commercial reasons or due to public unpopularity. As a result, smaller smallpox epidemics spread out from Liverpool until 1905. This paper analyses factors that contributed to this last serious epidemic using the historical epidemiological data available at that time. Though imperfect, these early public health strategies paved the way for better prevention of imported maritime diseases.
Editor: England: Cambridge University Press
Idioma: Inglês

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An Analysis of the United States and United Kingdom Smallpox Epidemics (1901-5) - The Special Relationship that Tested Public Health Strategies for Disease Control

Brabin, Bernard

England: Cambridge University Press

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