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Greater predisposition to second generation anticoagulant rodenticide exposure in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) weakened by suspected infectious disease

Carrera, Alberto ; Navas, Isabel ; María-Mojica, Pedro ; García-Fernández, Antonio J.

The Science of the total environment, 2024-01, Vol.907, p.167780-167780, Article 167780 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Elsevier B.V

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  • Título:
    Greater predisposition to second generation anticoagulant rodenticide exposure in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) weakened by suspected infectious disease
  • Autor: Carrera, Alberto ; Navas, Isabel ; María-Mojica, Pedro ; García-Fernández, Antonio J.
  • Assuntos: Anticoagulant rodenticides ; Infectious diseases ; Red fox ; SGAR ; Wild mammals
  • É parte de: The Science of the total environment, 2024-01, Vol.907, p.167780-167780, Article 167780
  • Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
    ObjectType-Feature-2
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  • Descrição: Anticoagulant rodenticide (AR) exposure in wild carnivores is a current and global concern due to continuous and widespread use worldwide. We studied the prevalence of ARs in liver samples of 25 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 3 European badgers (Meles meles) and 2 genets (Genneta genneta) from Alicante (Spanish Levante region) obtained in 2021 and 2022. In addition to trauma, poisoning by pesticides is the most frequent cause of death in wild carnivores in this region. The present research aims to explain a possible association between the fact of suffering from an infectious disease and the increase in ARs concentrations in the affected animals. Both first- and second-generation ARs were analysed by HPLC/MS/TOF in liver samples. Apart from the cause of death, the influence of other variables such as age, sex and body weight were also assessed on AR liver concentrations. Potential health risks for individuals and populations in the study area have also been studied. Our research detected higher AR concentrations in the group of red foxes clinically diagnosed with infectious disease compared to the group of apparently healthy red foxes, mostly killed by trauma. Furthermore, our results lead us to suggest that red fox could be considered a good sentinel species for the risk of exposure to ARs in other wild mammals. All the livers analysed contained ARs and the most detected compounds in red fox were difenacoum, bromadiolone, brodifacoum, present in all the samples analysed, and flocoumafen (in 96 %). Additionally, 53 % of the animals had at least one second generation anticoagulant rodenticide (SGAR) above the threshold value reported as triggering adverse health effects (200 ng/g). Regarding this, the level of risk in red fox in this area might be classified as high and worrying. Moreover, we suggest that individuals and populations with weakened health due to other diseases (for example, infectious or parasitic diseases) might be more prone to high exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides and, very probably, would be more sensitive to suffering serious effects at lower doses of ARs. [Display omitted] •Anticoagulant rodenticide (AR) exposure in predator species is a current global problem.•Foxes that died from infectious diseases were more exposed to ARs.•AR hepatic levels exceeded the lethal threshold in 28 % of the foxes analysed.•The red fox can be a good sentinel species of AR exposure for threatened species.
  • Editor: Elsevier B.V
  • Idioma: Inglês
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