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Did the evolution of the phytoplankton fuel the diversification of the marine biosphere?
Martin, Ronald E. ; Servais, Thomas
Lethaia, 2020-01, Vol.53 (1), p.5-31
[Periódico revisado por pares]
Oslo: Wiley
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Título:
Did the evolution of the phytoplankton fuel the diversification of the marine biosphere?
Autor:
Martin, Ronald E.
;
Servais, Thomas
Assuntos:
Anoxia
;
Availability
;
Benthos
;
Biodiversity
;
Biodiversity and Ecology
;
Biogeochemical cycle
;
Biogeochemistry
;
Biosphere
;
Bioturbation
;
Cenozoic
;
Climatology
;
Diversification
;
Earth Sciences
;
Environmental Sciences
;
Evolution
;
Forests
;
Fossils
;
Geological time
;
Global Changes
;
marine biosphere
;
Mass extinctions
;
Mesozoic
;
Mineral nutrients
;
Nutrient availability
;
Nutrients
;
Ocean, Atmosphere
;
Oceans
;
Organic matter
;
Orogeny
;
Oxidation
;
Palaeozoic
;
Paleontology
;
Phanerozoic
;
Phosphorus
;
Phytoplankton
;
Primary production
;
primary productivity
;
Productivity
;
Review
;
Runoff
;
Sciences of the Universe
;
Silica
;
tectonic cycles
;
Terrestrial environments
;
Water column
É parte de:
Lethaia, 2020-01, Vol.53 (1), p.5-31
Notas:
10.18261/let
Descrição:
We discuss the possible links between the fossil record of marine biodiversity, nutrient availability and primary productivity. The parallelism of the fossil records of marine phytoplankton and faunal biodiversity implicates the quantity (primary productivity) and quality (stoichiometry) of phytoplankton as being critical to the diversification of the marine biosphere through the Phanerozoic. The relatively subdued marine biodiversity of the Palaeozoic corresponds to a time of relatively low macronutrient availability and poor food quality of the phytoplankton as opposed to the diversification of the Modern Fauna through the Mesozoic–Cenozoic. Increasing nutrient runoff to the oceans through the Phanerozoic resulted from orogeny, the emplacement of Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), the evolution of deep-rooting forests and the appearance of more easily decomposable terrestrial organic matter that enhanced weathering. Positive feedback by bioturbation of an expanding benthos played a critical role in evolving biogeochemical cycles by linking the oxidation of dead organic matter and the recycling of nutrients back to the water column where they could be re-utilized. We assess our conclusions against a recently published biogeochemical model for geological time-scales. Major peaks of marine diversity often occur near rising or peak fluxes of silica, phosphorus and dissolved reactive oceanic phosphorus; either major or minor 87Sr/86Sr peaks; and frequently in the vicinity of major (Circum-Atlantic Magmatic Province) and minor volcanic events, some of which are associated with Oceanic Anoxic Events. These processes appear to be scale-dependent in that they lie on a continuum between biodiversification on macroevolutionary scales of geological time and mass extinction.
Editor:
Oslo: Wiley
Idioma:
Inglês;Norueguês
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