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The Idea of the Restoration of the Jews in English Protestant Thought, 1790—1840 / רעיון שיבת ישראל במחשבה הפרוטסטאנטית באנגליה בשנים 1790—1840

ורטה, מאיר ; Vereté, M.

ציון (ירושלים), 1968-01, Vol.לג (ג/ד), p.145-179 [Periódico revisado por pares]

החברה ההיסטורית הישראלית

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  • Título:
    The Idea of the Restoration of the Jews in English Protestant Thought, 1790—1840 / רעיון שיבת ישראל במחשבה הפרוטסטאנטית באנגליה בשנים 1790—1840
  • Autor: ורטה, מאיר ; Vereté, M.
  • É parte de: ציון (ירושלים), 1968-01, Vol.לג (ג/ד), p.145-179
  • Descrição: In the "Thirties" and early "Forties" of the last century the idea of the Return of the Jews to Palestine was widespread among the British public, a considerable part of which also held that the Return was imminent. In trying to examine how these notions arose, the author finds that they were part of eschatological views closely related to the political and social upheaval in Europe brought about by the French Revolution, and particularly connected with the military and political developments in the Levant since the French invasion of Egypt. Millenarian belief was, of course, no novelty, and, in fact, some growth of millenarianism can be discerned in the three-two decades preceding the French Revolution. The millenarian interpretation given in England to the Revolution, however, should, for reasons shown by the author, be considered a special trend which grew rapidly and continuously until it reached, as it would appear, its peak in the early "Forties". Shortly after its outbreak the millenarians began to proclaim the doctrine that the Revolution, according to a correct interpretation of the prophecies in the Apocalypsa of St. John and in Daniel, ushered in the era of the Latter Days. The new era, they asserted, had its own scheme of events: the Revolution was to be followed by the fall of the Papacy, the destruction of the Turkish Empire, the Return of the Jews to Palestine, the Second Coming and, finally, the Millenium itself. Chiliasm spread rapidly, especially with the overthrow of the Papal States and the invasion of Egypt — two major events which seemed to confirm the scheme of the supposed new era. The Restoration of the Jews was an integral part of this belief and absolutely essential for the Second Coming; and the indications are that, on the threshold of the new century, the Return came to be regarded by a considerable part of the British public as an event which could be expected soon. Having dwelt in some detail on the spread of the millenarian belief during the last decade of the century, the author traces the genesis and growth of the idea of the Restoration of the Jews since the Reformation, when the principle of the literal interpretation of the Scriptures began to be accepted by Protestants. He then analyses the four components of this idea: the physical return of the nation to Palestine, the question of the Ten Tribes, the national coversion and the part England was destined to play in the process of the Restoration. He shows how towards the end of the 18th Century the literal interpretation of the old prophecies concerning the Return was gaining ground in English Exegesis; how this method of interpretation gave rise to doubts as to whether the conversion of the Jews ought necessarily to precede their return to Palestine; and how political events after the Revolution added force to the notion that particular circumstances might be indicating the intention of God to restore his people to Palestine before calling them to himself. About the same time the idea that England was destined to help the Jews in their inevitable Return — a view which had been growing for some decades — assumed in the millenarian creed a practical, urgent character, it being propagated that the country had a political, military and commercial interest in this Restoration. The discussion of the further growth and spread of the idea of the Return and how it found its way into Government circles and how it became linked with foreign policy is reserved for another paper.
  • Editor: החברה ההיסטורית הישראלית
  • Idioma: Hebraico
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