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Gold in the Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula during the 3rd Millennium BC

Nocete, F. ; Sáez, R. ; Bayona, M.R. ; Nieto, J.M. ; Peramo, A. ; López, P. ; Gil-Ibarguchi, J.I. ; Inácio, N. ; García, S. ; Rodríguez, J.

Journal of archaeological science, 2014-01, Vol.41, p.691-704 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd

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  • Título:
    Gold in the Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula during the 3rd Millennium BC
  • Autor: Nocete, F. ; Sáez, R. ; Bayona, M.R. ; Nieto, J.M. ; Peramo, A. ; López, P. ; Gil-Ibarguchi, J.I. ; Inácio, N. ; García, S. ; Rodríguez, J.
  • Assuntos: 3rd Millennium BC ; Europe ; Gold provenance and manufacturing ; Laser ablation ; Lead isotopes ; Metal industry ; Methodology and general studies ; Prehistory and protohistory ; South West Europe ; Spain ; Typology, technology and attribute analysis
  • É parte de: Journal of archaeological science, 2014-01, Vol.41, p.691-704
  • Descrição: In the Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, one of the main gold mining regions in Western Europe, the presence of the first gold products are noted in the archaeological records of 3rd Millennium BC megalithic tombs, at some distance from the mining districts. The lack of systematic programmes to analyse such archaeological gold finds has led them to being identified as ornamental finds, of undetermined chronology, linked to a simple manufacturing technology of hammering gold nuggets of an uncertain origin or from the Eastern Mediterranean, as well as items with a purely symbolic or ‘prestige’ value in the funerary practices of simple group-oriented or collaborative chiefdoms. But however, the first documentation, radiocarbon dating and systematic analysis of these products in settlement contexts has altered this interpretation. The presence of gold manufactures during the third quarter of the 3rd Millennium BC (c. 2500–2350 cal. BC) in the contexts of a settlement specialised in copper production such as Cabezo Juré, in the South-western mining region (Huelva, Spain), and in the contexts of a huge central site such as Valencina de la Concepción, in the agrarian region of the Lower Guadalquivir Basin (Seville, Spain), points to the widespread social use of gold in the period of maximum expression of the inter-settlement hierarchisation in the Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, its link with the social spaces of inequality expression and their relationship with a complex production system. Geochemical characterization by LA-ICP-MS, lead isotopes analysis by MC-ICP-MS and metallographic study suggest two differentiated and independent supplies of raw material systems (fluvial placers vs. mines and local vs. regional scale), with at least four source areas, the regional circulation of raw material or products and a manufacturing by a metallurgical technology linked to the copper production. •Gold in the Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula during the 3rd Millennium BC.•Chronological characterization by C14 AMS, geochemical by LA-ICP-MS, isotopic by MC-ICP-MS and metallographic.•Supply raw material in fluvial placers and mines from local and regional scale.•Production of gold artefact by a metallurgical technology linked to the copper production.
  • Editor: Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd
  • Idioma: Inglês
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