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"Cast down Your Bucket Where You Are": The Parallel Views of Booker T. Washington and Julius Rosenwald on the Road to Equality

Aamidor, Abraham

Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1998), 2006-04, Vol.99 (1), p.46-61 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Springfield: Illinois State Historical Society

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  • Título:
    "Cast down Your Bucket Where You Are": The Parallel Views of Booker T. Washington and Julius Rosenwald on the Road to Equality
  • Autor: Aamidor, Abraham
  • Assuntos: African Americans ; Autobiographies ; Black communities ; Business ; Children ; Education ; Equality ; Essays ; Jewish people ; Jewish peoples ; Jews ; Judaism ; Library collections ; Men ; Philanthropy ; Political protests ; Politics ; Research papers ; Rosenwald, Julius (1862-1932) ; School dropouts ; Slavery ; United States history ; Verbal accounts ; White people ; Zionism
  • É parte de: Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1998), 2006-04, Vol.99 (1), p.46-61
  • Descrição: A high school dropout, he sold souvenir booklets door-to-door and played the organ in a Methodist church in Springfield, and at age 16 or 17 went to work in his uncles' retail clothing store in New York.2 In 1885 Rosenwald started a clothing manufacturing business with a cousin, and in 1895 the two bought a substantial interest in a struggling watch and catalog mail-order house, that is, Sears, Roebuck & Co. His big innovations were to expand the catalog greatly, and to guarantee everything in it. At one time in the 1920s, two out of every five African-American children in the Old South who attended school did so in a Rosenwald school.3 Though the school building program ended with Rosenwald's death in 1932, the Rosenwald Fund supported scholarships and subsidies for many African-American scholars, authors, and artists, such as W.E.B. DuBois, novelist James Baldwin, poet Langston Hughes, singer Marian Anderson, and scores of others.4 Rosenwald and Washington first met in Chicago in late 1911; Washington was the keynote speaker at a gathering of civic leaders at Chicago's lakefront Blackstone hotel, and Rosenwald was the man who introduced him to the crowd. George Peabody had established the Peabody Educational Fund in 1867; John D. Rockefeller established the General Education Board around 1901; Anna T. Jeanes established what is commonly remembered as the Jeanes Fund in 1907; Henry H. Rogers, president of the Standard oil Co., made direct contributions to the Tuskegee Institute beginning in 1904; and Jacob Schiff, the New York financier, supported much of Rosenwald's efforts.12 Rosenwald's brand of philanthropy is as little remembered as the man himself, but it was distinctive-he believed in setting "time limits" for the expenditure of major gifts, typically a generation, because he believed each new generation could best decide its own needs. Embree and Waxman report that the schools were erected at a cost of more than $28 million, and that costs were underwritten by local black contributions and tax receipts, as well as by distributions from the Fund and additional, direct contributions from Rosenwald's personal accounts. 4 See Embree and Waxman, Appendix C for complete list. 5 V. P. Franklin, Nancy L. Grant, Harold M. Kletnick, Genna Rae McNeil, editors, African Americans and Jews in the Twentieth Century: Studies in Convergence and Conflict (Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press, 1998), 38-9.
  • Editor: Springfield: Illinois State Historical Society
  • Idioma: Inglês
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  • Realização: ABCD-USP USP   Logos de Redes Sociais: Freepik

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