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Pitfalls in machine learning‐based assessment of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer: a report of the international immuno‐oncology biomarker working group

Thagaard, Jeppe ; Broeckx, Glenn ; Page, David B ; Verbandt, Sara ; Kos, Zuzana ; Gupta, Rajarsi ; Khiroya, Reena ; Abduljabbar, Khalid ; Acosta Haab, Gabriela ; Acs, Balazs ; Almeida, Jonas S ; Alvarado‐Cabrero, Isabel ; Azmoudeh‐Ardalan, Farid ; Badve, Sunil ; Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah ; Bellolio, Enrique R ; Bheemaraju, Vydehi ; Blenman, Kim RM ; Bouchmaa, Najat ; Cooper, Lee AD ; Coosemans, An ; Dahl, Anders B ; Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis ; Deman, Frederik ; Demaria, Sandra ; Doré Hansen, Johan ; Dudgeon, Sarah N ; Elghazawy, Mahmoud ; Fernandez‐Martín, Claudio ; Fox, Stephen B ; Giltnane, Jennifer M ; Gonzalez‐Ericsson, Paula I ; Grigoriadis, Anita ; Halama, Niels ; Hanna, Matthew G ; Harbhajanka, Aparna ; Hartman, Johan ; Hauberg, Søren ; Hewitt, Stephen ; Hida, Akira I ; Horlings, Hugo M ; Hytopoulos, Evangelos ; Janssen, Emiel AM ; Kahila, Mohamed ; Kataoka, Tatsuki R ; Kawaguchi, Kosuke ; Kharidehal, Durga ; Kiraz, Umay ; Kodach, Liudmila L ; Korski, Konstanty ; Kovács, Anikó ; Laenkholm, Anne‐Vibeke ; Lang‐Schwarz, Corinna ; Lennerz, Jochen K ; Li, Xiaoxian ; Maley, Sai K ; Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya ; Mehrotra, Ravi ; Michiels, Stefan ; Minhas, Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar ; Moore, David A ; Mushtaq, Shamim ; Papathomas, Thomas ; Penault‐Llorca, Frederique ; Pinard, Christopher J ; Pruneri, Giancarlo ; Rahman, Arman ; Rau, Tilman T ; Reis‐Filho, Jorge S ; Rimm, David ; Roslind, Anne ; Vincent‐Salomon, Anne ; Salto‐Tellez, Manuel ; Saltz, Joel ; Sayed, Shahin ; Scott, Ely ; Sur, Daniel ; Symmans, Fraser ; Tanaka, Sunao ; Taxter, Timothy ; Tejpar, Sabine ; Teuwen, Jonas ; Thompson, E Aubrey ; Tramm, Trine ; Tran, William T ; Verghese, Gregory E ; Vieth, Michael ; Wahab, Noorul ; Walter, Thomas ; Waumans, Yannick ; Wen, Hannah Y ; Yuan, Yinyin ; Zin, Reena Md ; Bartlett, John ; Loibl, Sibylle ; Denkert, Carsten ; Savas, Peter ; Loi, Sherene ; Salgado, Roberto ; Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth

The Journal of pathology, 2023-08, Vol.260 (5), p.498-513 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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  • Título:
    Pitfalls in machine learning‐based assessment of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer: a report of the international immuno‐oncology biomarker working group
  • Autor: Thagaard, Jeppe ; Broeckx, Glenn ; Page, David B ; Verbandt, Sara ; Kos, Zuzana ; Gupta, Rajarsi ; Khiroya, Reena ; Abduljabbar, Khalid ; Acosta Haab, Gabriela ; Acs, Balazs ; Almeida, Jonas S ; Alvarado‐Cabrero, Isabel ; Azmoudeh‐Ardalan, Farid ; Badve, Sunil ; Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah ; Bellolio, Enrique R ; Bheemaraju, Vydehi ; Blenman, Kim RM ; Bouchmaa, Najat ; Cooper, Lee AD ; Coosemans, An ; Dahl, Anders B ; Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis ; Deman, Frederik ; Demaria, Sandra ; Doré Hansen, Johan ; Dudgeon, Sarah N ; Elghazawy, Mahmoud ; Fernandez‐Martín, Claudio ; Fox, Stephen B ; Giltnane, Jennifer M ; Gonzalez‐Ericsson, Paula I ; Grigoriadis, Anita ; Halama, Niels ; Hanna, Matthew G ; Harbhajanka, Aparna ; Hartman, Johan ; Hauberg, Søren ; Hewitt, Stephen ; Hida, Akira I ; Horlings, Hugo M ; Hytopoulos, Evangelos ; Janssen, Emiel AM ; Kahila, Mohamed ; Kataoka, Tatsuki R ; Kawaguchi, Kosuke ; Kharidehal, Durga ; Kiraz, Umay ; Kodach, Liudmila L ; Korski, Konstanty ; Kovács, Anikó ; Laenkholm, Anne‐Vibeke ; Lang‐Schwarz, Corinna ; Lennerz, Jochen K ; Li, Xiaoxian ; Maley, Sai K ; Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya ; Mehrotra, Ravi ; Michiels, Stefan ; Minhas, Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar ; Moore, David A ; Mushtaq, Shamim ; Papathomas, Thomas ; Penault‐Llorca, Frederique ; Pinard, Christopher J ; Pruneri, Giancarlo ; Rahman, Arman ; Rau, Tilman T ; Reis‐Filho, Jorge S ; Rimm, David ; Roslind, Anne ; Vincent‐Salomon, Anne ; Salto‐Tellez, Manuel ; Saltz, Joel ; Sayed, Shahin ; Scott, Ely ; Sur, Daniel ; Symmans, Fraser ; Tanaka, Sunao ; Taxter, Timothy ; Tejpar, Sabine ; Teuwen, Jonas ; Thompson, E Aubrey ; Tramm, Trine ; Tran, William T ; Verghese, Gregory E ; Vieth, Michael ; Wahab, Noorul ; Walter, Thomas ; Waumans, Yannick ; Wen, Hannah Y ; Yuan, Yinyin ; Zin, Reena Md ; Bartlett, John ; Loibl, Sibylle ; Denkert, Carsten ; Savas, Peter ; Loi, Sherene ; Salgado, Roberto ; Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth
  • Assuntos: deep learning ; digital pathology ; guidelines ; image analysis ; machine learning ; pitfalls ; prognostic biomarker ; triple‐negative breast cancer ; tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes
  • É parte de: The Journal of pathology, 2023-08, Vol.260 (5), p.498-513
  • Notas: Equal contributors.
    he reports receiving personal/consultancy fees from Goldman Sachs, Bain Capital, REPARE Therapeutics, Saga Diagnostics, and Paige.AI, membership in scientific advisory boards of VolitionRx, REPARE Therapeutics, and Paige.AI, membership on the board of directors of Grupo Oncoclinicas, and ad hoc membership on the scientific advisory boards of Astrazeneca, Merck, Daiichi Sankyo, Roche Tissue Diagnostics, and Personalis, outside the scope of this study. ES: Employee of BMS. AS: AS: Advisory board/speaker's bureau: Aignostics, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, BMS, Eli Lilly, Illumina, Incyte, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Seagen, Takeda, and Thermo Fisher, as well as grants from Bayer, BMS, Chugai, and Incyte. FS: Expert advisory panel for AXDEV Group. TT: Employee of Tempus Labs. JT: Shareholder of Ellogon.AI BV. TT: Speaker's fee received from Pfizer. JvdL: Member of advisory boards of Philips, the Netherlands, and ContextVision, Sweden, and received research funding from Philips, the Netherlands, ContextVision, Sweden, and Sectra, Sweden, in the last 5 years. He is chief scientific officer (CSO) and shareholder of Aiosyn BV, the Netherlands. TW: Collaboration with the company TRIBUN Health on automatic grading of biopsies for head and neck cancer and a patent on the prediction of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in breast cancer. YW: Employee of CellCarta. HYW: Advisory faculty of AstraZeneca. YY: Speaker/consultant for Roche and Merck. PS: Consultant (uncompensated) to Roche‐Genentech. SL: Research funding to her institution from Novartis, Bristol‐Meyers Squibb, Merck, Puma Biotechnology, Eli Lilly, Nektar Therapeutics, Astra Zeneca, Roche‐Genentech, and Seattle Genetics. SLoi has acted as consultant (not compensated) to Seattle Genetics, Novartis, Bristol‐Meyers Squibb, Merck, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, and Roche‐Genentech. SLoi has acted as consultant (paid to her institution) to Aduro Biotech, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche‐Genentech, Astra Zeneca, Silverback Therapeutics, G1 Therapeutics, PUMA Biotechnologies, Pfizer, Gilead Therapeutics, Seattle Genetics, Daiichi‐Sankyo, Amunix, Tallac therapeutics, Eli Lilly, and Bristol‐Meyers Squibb. RS: Nonfinancial support from Merck and Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), research support from Merck, Puma Biotechnology and Roche, and personal fees from Roche, BMS, and Exact Sciences for advisory boards.
    Conflict of interest statement: JT: Employee of Visiopharm A/S. GB: Speaker's fee received from MSD, Novartis, advisory boards for Roche and MSD, Consultant for MSD, Novartis and Roche, travel and conference support from Roche, MSD, and Gilead. ZK: Paid advisory role for Eli Lilly and AstraZeneca Canada. GA: Employee of Merck. KRB: Scientific advisory board for CDI Labs, Research funding from Carevive. FC: Chair of the Scientific and Medical Advisory Board of TRIBVN Healthcare, France, and received advisory board fees from TRIBVN Healthcare, France in the last 5 years. He is shareholder of Aiosyn BV, the Netherlands. LAC: Participation in Tempus Algorithm Advisors program. AC: Contracted researcher for Oncoinvent AS and Novocure and a consultant for Sotio a.s. and Epics Therapeutics SA. JDH: Cofounder of Visiopharm A/S. TE: Employee of Visiopharm A/S. ME: Egyptian missions sector. WMG: Cofounder, shareholder and part‐time Chief Scientific Officer of OncoAssure Limited, shareholder in Deciphex, and member of scientific advisory board of Carrick Therapeutics. JMG: Employee and stockholder of Roche/Genentech. SG: Research funding from Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Genentech, EMD Serono, Pfizer, and Takeda, unrelated to the current work; named co‐inventor on an issued patent for multiplex immunohistochemistry to characterize tumors and treatment responses. The technology is filed through Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS) and is currently unlicensed. NH: Patent on a technology to measure immune infiltration in cancer to predict treatment outcome (WO2012038068A2). MGH: Consultant for PaigeAI, VolastraTx, and advisor for PathPresenter. JH: Speaker's honoraria or advisory board remunerations from Roche, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, and MSD. Cofounder and shareholder of Stratipath AB. AIH: Research fund received from Visiopharm A/S. KK: Employee and stockholder of Roche. AK: Honorarium from Roche, MSD, and Pfizer and is a member of the advisory board of Pfizer. A‐VL: Institutional grants from AstraZeneca and personal grants from AstraZeneca (travel and honorarium from advisory board), MSD (honorarium from advisory board), and Daiichi Sankyo (travel). XL: Eli Lilly Company, Advisor, Cancer Expert Now, Advisor, Champions Oncology, Research fund. AM: Equity holder in Picture Health, Elucid Bioimaging, and Inspirata Inc., advisory board of Picture Health, Aiforia Inc., and SimBioSys, Consultant for SimBioSys, sponsored research agreements with AstraZeneca, Boehringer‐Ingelheim, Eli‐Lilly, and Bristol Myers‐Squibb, technology licensed to Picture Health and Elucid Bioimaging, involovement in three different R01 grants with Inspirata Inc. DKM: Consulting: Astrazeneca, Lilly USA LLC, Hologic. Sponsored research: Merck, Agendia. SM: Scientific Committee Study member: Roche, data and safety monitoring member of clinical trials: Sensorion, Biophytis, Servier, IQVIA, Yuhan, Kedrion. FuAAM: Research studentship funding from GSK. DAM: Speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, and Takeda, consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Thermo Fisher, Takeda, Amgen, Janssen, MIM Software, Bristol‐Myers Squibb, and Eli Lilly and has received educational support from Takeda and Amgen. FP‐L: Personal financial interests: AbbVie, Agendia, Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Daiichi‐Sankyo, Eisai, Exact Science, GSK, Illumina, Incyte, Janssen, Lilly, MERCK Lifa, Merck‐MSD, Myriad, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre‐Fabre, Roche, Sanofi, Seagen, Takeda, Veracyte, Servier. Institutional financial interests: AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, MSD, Myriad, Roche, Veracyte. Congress invitations: AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Gilead, MSD, Novartis, Roche, Lilly, Pfizer. NMR: CoFounder, director and CSO of Histofy Ltd, UK. JSR‐F: JSR‐F is an Associate Editor of
    The Journal of Pathology
  • Descrição: The clinical significance of the tumor‐immune interaction in breast cancer is now established, and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have emerged as predictive and prognostic biomarkers for patients with triple‐negative (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2‐negative) breast cancer and HER2‐positive breast cancer. How computational assessments of TILs might complement manual TIL assessment in trial and daily practices is currently debated. Recent efforts to use machine learning (ML) to automatically evaluate TILs have shown promising results. We review state‐of‐the‐art approaches and identify pitfalls and challenges of automated TIL evaluation by studying the root cause of ML discordances in comparison to manual TIL quantification. We categorize our findings into four main topics: (1) technical slide issues, (2) ML and image analysis aspects, (3) data challenges, and (4) validation issues. The main reason for discordant assessments is the inclusion of false‐positive areas or cells identified by performance on certain tissue patterns or design choices in the computational implementation. To aid the adoption of ML for TIL assessment, we provide an in‐depth discussion of ML and image analysis, including validation issues that need to be considered before reliable computational reporting of TILs can be incorporated into the trial and routine clinical management of patients with triple‐negative breast cancer. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
  • Editor: Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
  • Idioma: Inglês

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