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Health and economic impacts of eight different dietary salt reduction interventions

Nghiem, Nhung ; Blakely, Tony ; Cobiac, Linda J ; Pearson, Amber L ; Wilson, Nick van Baal, Pieter H. M.

PloS one, 2015-04, Vol.10 (4), p.e0123915-e0123915 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: Public Library of Science

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Título:
Health and economic impacts of eight different dietary salt reduction interventions
Autor: Nghiem, Nhung ; Blakely, Tony ; Cobiac, Linda J ; Pearson, Amber L ; Wilson, Nick
van Baal, Pieter H. M.
Assuntos: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Analysis ; Bread ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology ; Computer simulation ; Cost analysis ; Cost engineering ; Cost reduction ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Costs ; Diet ; Disease prevention ; Economic aspects ; Economic impact ; Epidemiology ; Ethnicity ; Fatalities ; Female ; Food ; Food processing ; Health Care Costs ; Health disparities ; Health risks ; Humans ; Labelling ; Male ; Markov chains ; Medical care, Cost of ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; Morbidity ; New Zealand ; Nutrition research ; Population ; Public health ; Public Health Surveillance ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Risk analysis ; Risk Factors ; Salt ; Salts ; Sauces ; Sodium ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; Stroke ; Studies ; Taxation
É parte de: PloS one, 2015-04, Vol.10 (4), p.e0123915-e0123915
Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
Current Address: Department of Geography, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Conceived and designed the experiments: NW TB LC. Performed the experiments: NN. Analyzed the data: NN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NN NW LC AP. Wrote the paper: NW TB NN LC AP.
Current Address: British Heart Foundation Centre on Population Approaches to NCD Prevention, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
Descrição: Given the high importance of dietary sodium (salt) as a global disease risk factor, our objective was to compare the impact of eight sodium reduction interventions, including feasible and more theoretical ones, to assist prioritisation. Epidemiological modelling and cost-utility analysis were performed using a Markov macro-simulation model. The setting was New Zealand (NZ) (2.3 million citizens, aged 35+ years) which has detailed individual-level administrative cost data. Of the most feasible interventions, the largest health gains were from (in descending order): (i) mandatory 25% reduction in sodium levels in all processed foods; (ii) the package of interventions performed in the United Kingdom (UK); (iii) mandatory 25% reduction in sodium levels in bread, processed meats and sauces; (iv) media campaign (as per a previous UK one); (v) voluntary food labelling as currently used in NZ; (vi) dietary counselling as currently used in NZ. Even larger health gains came from the more theoretical options of a "sinking lid" on the amount of food salt released to the national market to achieve an average adult intake of 2300 mg sodium/day (211,000 QALYs gained, 95% uncertainty interval: 170,000-255,000), and from a salt tax. All the interventions produced net cost savings (except counseling--albeit still cost-effective). Cost savings were especially large with the sinking lid (NZ$ 1.1 billion, US$ 0.7 billion). Also the salt tax would raise revenue (up to NZ$ 452 million/year). Health gain per person was greater for Māori (indigenous population) men and women compared to non-Māori. This study substantially expands on the range of previously modelled salt reduction interventions and suggests that some of these might achieve major health gains and major cost savings (particularly the regulatory interventions). They could also reduce ethnic inequalities in health.
Editor: United States: Public Library of Science
Idioma: Inglês

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Health and economic impacts of eight different dietary salt reduction interventions

Nghiem, Nhung ; Blakely, Tony ; Cobiac, Linda J ; Pearson, Amber L ; Wilson, Nick van Baal, Pieter H. M.

United States: Public Library of Science

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