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Deficits in Top-Down Sensory Prediction in Infants At Risk due to Premature Birth

Emberson, Lauren L. ; Boldin, Alex M. ; Riccio, Julie E. ; Guillet, Ronnie ; Aslin, Richard N.

Current biology, 2017-02, Vol.27 (3), p.431-436 [Periódico revisado por pares]

England: Elsevier Ltd

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  • Título:
    Deficits in Top-Down Sensory Prediction in Infants At Risk due to Premature Birth
  • Autor: Emberson, Lauren L. ; Boldin, Alex M. ; Riccio, Julie E. ; Guillet, Ronnie ; Aslin, Richard N.
  • Assuntos: audiovisual ; development ; fNIRS ; infant ; learning ; multisensory ; perception ; prediction ; prematurity
  • É parte de: Current biology, 2017-02, Vol.27 (3), p.431-436
  • Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
    ObjectType-Feature-2
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  • Descrição: A prominent theoretical view is that the brain is inherently predictive [1, 2] and that prediction helps drive the engine of development [3, 4]. Although infants exhibit neural signatures of top-down sensory prediction [5, 6], in order to establish that prediction supports development, it must be established that deficits in early prediction abilities alter trajectories. We investigated prediction in infants born prematurely, a leading cause of neuro-cognitive impairment worldwide [7]. Prematurity, independent of medical complications, leads to developmental disturbances [8–12] and a broad range of developmental delays [13–17]. Is an alteration in early prediction abilities the common cause? Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we measured top-down sensory prediction in preterm infants (born <33 weeks gestation) before infants exhibited clinically identifiable developmental delays (6 months corrected age). Whereas preterm infants had typical neural responses to presented visual stimuli, they exhibited altered neural responses to predicted visual stimuli. Importantly, a separate behavioral control confirmed that preterm infants detect pattern violations at the same rate as full-terms, establishing selectivity of this response to top-down predictions (e.g., not in learning an audiovisual association). These findings suggest that top-down sensory prediction plays a crucial role in development and that deficits in this ability may be the reason why preterm infants experience altered developmental trajectories and are at risk for poor developmental outcomes. Moreover, this work presents an opportunity for establishing a neuro-biomarker for early identification of infants at risk and could guide early intervention regimens. •Prediction has been proposed to be essential for human development•Infants at risk due to premature birth exhibit deficits in prediction•Neural deficits were specific to prediction, and not to simple learning or perception•Deficits were found early in development, suggesting a causal role for prediction Emberson et al. compare the neural capacity to predict upcoming stimuli in 6-month-old infants at low and high risk for developmental delays (full-term and preterm infants). Infants at high risk exhibited selective deficits in top-down sensory prediction, providing evidence that neural prediction supports human development.
  • Editor: England: Elsevier Ltd
  • Idioma: Inglês
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