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Risk factors for cancers of unknown primary site: Results from the prospective EPIC cohort

Kaaks, Rudolf ; Sookthai, Disorn ; Hemminki, Kari ; Krämer, Alwin ; Boeing, Heiner ; Wirfält, Elisabet ; Weiderpass, Elisabete ; Overvad, Kim ; Tjønneland, Anne ; Olsen, Anja ; Peeters, Petra H. ; Bueno‐de‐Mesquita, H. B(as) ; Panico, Salvatore ; Pala, Valeria ; Vineis, Paolo ; Quirós, J. Ramón ; Ardanaz, Eva ; Sánchez, María‐José ; Chirlaque, Maria‐Dolores ; Larrañaga, Nerea ; Brennan, Paul ; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Lagiou, Pagona ; Hallmans, Göran ; Khaw, Kay‐Tee ; Key, Timothy J. ; Riboli, Elio ; Canzian, Federico

International journal of cancer, 2014-11, Vol.135 (10), p.2475-2481 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc

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Título:
Risk factors for cancers of unknown primary site: Results from the prospective EPIC cohort
Autor: Kaaks, Rudolf ; Sookthai, Disorn ; Hemminki, Kari ; Krämer, Alwin ; Boeing, Heiner ; Wirfält, Elisabet ; Weiderpass, Elisabete ; Overvad, Kim ; Tjønneland, Anne ; Olsen, Anja ; Peeters, Petra H. ; Bueno‐de‐Mesquita, H. B(as) ; Panico, Salvatore ; Pala, Valeria ; Vineis, Paolo ; Quirós, J. Ramón ; Ardanaz, Eva ; Sánchez, María‐José ; Chirlaque, Maria‐Dolores ; Larrañaga, Nerea ; Brennan, Paul ; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Lagiou, Pagona ; Hallmans, Göran ; Khaw, Kay‐Tee ; Key, Timothy J. ; Riboli, Elio ; Canzian, Federico
Assuntos: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alcohol ; Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects ; Cancer ; Cancer and Oncology ; Cancer och onkologi ; cancer of unknown primary site (CUP) ; Clinical Medicine ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health risk assessment ; Humans ; Klinisk medicin ; Male ; Medical and Health Sciences ; Medicin och hälsovetenskap ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Unknown Primary - epidemiology ; Neoplasms, Unknown Primary - etiology ; Nutritional Status ; obesity ; Obesity - complications ; Prognosis ; prospective cohort study ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; Smoking - adverse effects ; Studies ; Tumors ; Waist Circumference ; Waist-Hip Ratio ; Young Adult
É parte de: International journal of cancer, 2014-11, Vol.135 (10), p.2475-2481
Notas: Disclosure: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
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Descrição: Cancer of unknown primary site (CUP) may be called an “orphan” disease, as it is diagnosed when metastases are detected while the primary tumor typically remains undetected, and because little research has been done on its primary causes. So far, few epidemiological studies, if any, have addressed possible risk factors for CUP. We analyzed data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort (N = 476,940). During prospective follow‐up, a total of 651 cases of incident cases of CUP were detected (ICD‐O‐2 code C809). Proportional hazards models were conducted to examine the associations of lifetime history of smoking habits, alcohol consumption, levels of education and anthropometric indices of adiposity with risk of being diagnosed with CUP. Risk of being diagnosed with CUP was strongly related to smoking, with a relative risk of 3.66 [95% C.I., 2.24–5.97] for current, heavy smokers (26+ cigarettes/day) compared to never smokers (adjusted for alcohol consumption, body mass index, waist circumference and level of education) and a relative risk of 5.12 [3.09–8.47] for cases with CUP who died within 12 months. For alcohol consumption and level of education, weaker associations were observed but attenuated and no longer statistically significant after adjusting for smoking and indices of obesity. Finally, risk of CUP was increased by approximately 30 per cent for subjects in the highest versus lowest quartiles of waist circumference. Our analyses provide further documentation, in addition to autopsy studies, that a substantial proportion of cancers of unknown primary site may have their origin in smoking‐related tumors, in particular. What's new? When cancer appears as metastatic disease but no primary tumor can be observed, it's called “cancer of unknown primary site.” Little is known about the risk factors for this type of cancer. This study analyzed data from a European cohort and discovered a strong association between smoking and these cancers. Other risk factors they identified were drinking alcohol and being fat. This is the first epidemiological study of these type of cancers, and it strengthens the observations from autopsy studies that many of these cancers of unknown primary site stem from smoking‐related tumors.
Editor: United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Idioma: Inglês

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Risk factors for cancers of unknown primary site: Results from the prospective EPIC cohort

United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc

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