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Reliable yields of public water-supply wells in the fractured-rock aquifers of central Maryland, USA

Hammond, Patrick A.

Hydrogeology journal, 2018-02, Vol.26 (1), p.333-349 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Título:
Reliable yields of public water-supply wells in the fractured-rock aquifers of central Maryland, USA
Autor: Hammond, Patrick A.
Assuntos: Animal reproductive organs ; Aquatic Pollution ; Aquifer testing ; Aquifers ; Consolidation ; Crystalline rocks ; Curve fitting ; Data ; Design engineering ; Dewatering ; Diagnostic systems ; Drawdown ; Drinking water ; Drought ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Engineers ; Extrapolation ; Fractures ; Geology ; Geophysics/Geodesy ; Groundwater ; Groundwater flow ; Groundwater levels ; Hydraulic tests ; Hydrogeology ; Hydrology/Water Resources ; Limestone ; Mathematical models ; Municipal water ; Numerical methods ; Pumping tests ; Radial flow ; Rock ; Rocks ; Sandstone ; Seasonal variation ; Seasonal variations ; Sedimentary rocks ; Tests ; Waste Water Technology ; Water flow ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control ; Water Quality/Water Pollution ; Water shortages ; Water supply ; Water wells ; Well yield
É parte de: Hydrogeology journal, 2018-02, Vol.26 (1), p.333-349
Descrição: Most studies of fractured-rock aquifers are about analytical models used for evaluating aquifer tests or numerical methods for describing groundwater flow, but there have been few investigations on how to estimate the reliable long-term drought yields of individual hard-rock wells. During the drought period of 1998 to 2002, many municipal water suppliers in the Piedmont/Blue Ridge areas of central Maryland (USA) had to institute water restrictions due to declining well yields. Previous estimates of the yields of those wells were commonly based on extrapolating drawdowns, measured during short-term single-well hydraulic pumping tests, to the first primary water-bearing fracture in a well. The extrapolations were often made from pseudo-equilibrium phases, frequently resulting in substantially over-estimated well yields. The methods developed in the present study to predict yields consist of extrapolating drawdown data from infinite acting radial flow periods or by fitting type curves of other conceptual models to the data, using diagnostic plots, inverse analysis and derivative analysis. Available drawdowns were determined by the positions of transition zones in crystalline rocks or thin-bedded consolidated sandstone/limestone layers (reservoir rocks). Aquifer dewatering effects were detected by type-curve matching of step-test data or by breaks in the drawdown curves constructed from hydraulic tests. Operational data were then used to confirm the predicted yields and compared to regional groundwater levels to determine seasonal variations in well yields. Such well yield estimates are needed by hydrogeologists and water engineers for the engineering design of water systems, but should be verified by the collection of long-term monitoring data.
Editor: Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Idioma: Inglês

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Reliable yields of public water-supply wells in the fractured-rock aquifers of central Maryland, USA

Hammond, Patrick A.

Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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