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A Machine Learning Framework to Predict Nutrient Content in Valencia-Orange Leaf Hyperspectral Measurements

Osco, Lucas Prado ; Ramos, Ana Paula Marques ; Faita Pinheiro, Mayara Maezano ; Moriya, Érika Akemi Saito ; Imai, Nilton Nobuhiro ; Estrabis, Nayara ; Ianczyk, Felipe ; Araújo, Fábio Fernando de ; Liesenberg, Veraldo ; Jorge, Lúcio André de Castro ; Li, Jonathan ; Ma, Lingfei ; Gonçalves, Wesley Nunes ; Marcato Junior, José ; Eduardo Creste, José

Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland), 2020-03, Vol.12 (6), p.906 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Basel: MDPI AG

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Título:
A Machine Learning Framework to Predict Nutrient Content in Valencia-Orange Leaf Hyperspectral Measurements
Autor: Osco, Lucas Prado ; Ramos, Ana Paula Marques ; Faita Pinheiro, Mayara Maezano ; Moriya, Érika Akemi Saito ; Imai, Nilton Nobuhiro ; Estrabis, Nayara ; Ianczyk, Felipe ; Araújo, Fábio Fernando de ; Liesenberg, Veraldo ; Jorge, Lúcio André de Castro ; Li, Jonathan ; Ma, Lingfei ; Gonçalves, Wesley Nunes ; Marcato Junior, José ; Eduardo Creste, José
Assuntos: Advantages ; Algorithms ; Analytical chemistry ; artificial intelligence ; Artificial neural networks ; Chlorophyll ; Citrus fruits ; Copper ; Data analysis ; Decision trees ; Evaluation ; Flowers & plants ; Learning algorithms ; Learning theory ; Leaves ; Machine learning ; macronutrient ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; micronutrient ; Micronutrients ; Neural networks ; Nutrient content ; Nutrients ; Predictions ; Principal components analysis ; proximal sensor ; Reflectance ; Remote sensing ; Remote sensing systems ; Sensors ; Spectra ; Spectral bands ; Spectral signatures ; Spectroradiometers ; spectroscopy ; Spectrum analysis ; Studies ; Support vector machines ; Wavelengths ; Zinc
É parte de: Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland), 2020-03, Vol.12 (6), p.906
Descrição: This paper presents a framework based on machine learning algorithms to predict nutrient content in leaf hyperspectral measurements. This is the first approach to evaluate macro- and micronutrient content with both machine learning and reflectance/first-derivative data. For this, citrus-leaves collected at a Valencia-orange orchard were used. Their spectral data was measured with a Fieldspec ASD FieldSpec® HandHeld 2 spectroradiometer and the surface reflectance and first-derivative spectra from the spectral range of 380 to 1020 nm (640 spectral bands) was evaluated. A total of 320 spectral signatures were collected, and the leaf-nutrient content (N, P, K, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) was associated with them. For this, 204,800 (320 × 640) combinations were used. The following machine learning algorithms were used in this framework: k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), Lasso Regression, Ridge Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF). The training methods were assessed based on Cross-Validation and Leave-One-Out. The Relief-F metric of the algorithms’ prediction was used to determine the most contributive wavelength or spectral region associated with each nutrient. This approach was able to return, with high predictions (R2), nutrients like N (0.912), Mg (0.832), Cu (0.861), Mn (0.898), and Zn (0.855), and, to a lesser extent, P (0.771), K (0.763), and S (0.727). These accuracies were obtained with different algorithms, but RF was the most suitable to model most of them. The results indicate that, for the Valencia-orange leaves, surface reflectance data is more suitable to predict macronutrients, while first-derivative spectra is better linked to micronutrients. A final contribution of this study is the identification of the wavelengths responsible for contributing to these predictions.
Editor: Basel: MDPI AG
Idioma: Inglês

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A Machine Learning Framework to Predict Nutrient Content in Valencia-Orange Leaf Hyperspectral Measurements

Basel: MDPI AG

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