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Antiviral Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against SARS-CoV-2

Wolfgruber, Stella ; Rieger, Julia ; Cardozo, Olavo ; Punz, Benjamin ; Himly, Martin ; Stingl, Andreas ; Farias, Patricia M A ; Abuja, Peter M ; Zatloukal, Kurt

International journal of molecular sciences, 2023-05, Vol.24 (9), p.8425 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Switzerland: MDPI AG

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Título:
Antiviral Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against SARS-CoV-2
Autor: Wolfgruber, Stella ; Rieger, Julia ; Cardozo, Olavo ; Punz, Benjamin ; Himly, Martin ; Stingl, Andreas ; Farias, Patricia M A ; Abuja, Peter M ; Zatloukal, Kurt
Assuntos: antiviral ; Antiviral activity ; Antiviral agents ; Antiviral Agents - pharmacology ; Chelating agents ; Chelation ; Chemical damage ; Chlorate ; COVID-19 ; Decontamination ; Disease transmission ; Disinfection ; Epithelial cells ; Epithelium ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Hydrogen peroxide ; Light scattering ; Nanomaterials ; Nanoparticles ; Nanotechnology ; Oxidation ; Pharmaceutical industry ; Photon correlation spectroscopy ; Prospective Studies ; Radiation damage ; Reference materials ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Scientific equipment and supplies industry ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Size distribution ; Spectrum analysis ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Ultraviolet radiation ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vaccines ; Viral diseases ; Virions ; Viruses ; Zinc oxide ; Zinc Oxide - pharmacology ; zinc oxide nanoparticles ; Zinc oxides
É parte de: International journal of molecular sciences, 2023-05, Vol.24 (9), p.8425
Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
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Descrição: The highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets, aerosols, and contaminated surfaces. In addition to antiviral drugs, the decontamination of surfaces and personal protective equipment (PPE) is crucial to mitigate the spread of infection. Conventional approaches, including ultraviolet radiation, vaporized hydrogen peroxide, heat and liquid chemicals, can damage materials or lack comprehensive, effective disinfection. Consequently, alternative material-compatible and sustainable methods, such as nanomaterial coatings, are needed. Therefore, the antiviral activity of two novel zinc-oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) against SARS-CoV-2 was investigated in vitro. Each nanoparticle was produced by applying highly efficient "green" synthesis techniques, which are free of fossil derivatives and use nitrate, chlorate and sulfonate salts as starting materials and whey as chelating agents. The two "green" nanomaterials differ in size distribution, with ZnO-NP-45 consisting of particles ranging from 30 nm to 60 nm and ZnO-NP-76 from 60 nm to 92 nm. Human lung epithelial cells (Calu-3) were infected with SARS-CoV-2, pre-treated in suspensions with increasing ZnO-NP concentrations up to 20 mg/mL. Both "green" materials were compared to commercially available ZnO-NP as a reference. While all three materials were active against both virus variants at concentrations of 10-20 mg/mL, ZnO-NP-45 was found to be more active than ZnO-NP-76 and the reference material, resulting in the inactivation of the Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants by a factor of more than 10 . This effect could be due to its greater total reactive surface, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Higher variations in virus inactivation were found for the latter two nanomaterials, ZnO-NP-76 and ZnO-NP-ref, which putatively may be due to secondary infections upon incomplete inactivation inside infected cells caused by insufficient NP loading of the virions. Taken together, inactivation with 20 mg/mL ZnO-NP-45 seems to have the greatest effect on both SARS-CoV-2 variants tested. Prospective ZnO-NP applications include an antiviral coating of filters or PPE to enhance user protection.
Editor: Switzerland: MDPI AG
Idioma: Inglês

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Antiviral Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against SARS-CoV-2

Wolfgruber, Stella ; Rieger, Julia ; Cardozo, Olavo ; Punz, Benjamin ; Himly, Martin ; Stingl, Andreas ; Farias, Patricia M A ; Abuja, Peter M ; Zatloukal, Kurt

Switzerland: MDPI AG

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