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Seed dispersal by wind decreases when plants are water‐stressed, potentially counteracting species coexistence and niche evolution

Zhu, Jinlei ; Lukić, Nataša ; Rajtschan, Verena ; Walter, Julia ; Schurr, Frank M.

Ecology and evolution, 2021-11, Vol.11 (22), p.16239-16249 [Periódico revisado por pares]

England: John Wiley & Sons, Inc

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  • Título:
    Seed dispersal by wind decreases when plants are water‐stressed, potentially counteracting species coexistence and niche evolution
  • Autor: Zhu, Jinlei ; Lukić, Nataša ; Rajtschan, Verena ; Walter, Julia ; Schurr, Frank M.
  • Assuntos: Anemochory ; Coexistence ; community dynamics ; context‐dependent seed dispersal ; Dispersal ; Dispersion ; drought ; Environmental factors ; Evolution ; Experiments ; Floods ; Flowers & plants ; Gene flow ; Geographical distribution ; Hydrology ; Niches ; Plant communities ; Plant populations ; Plant species ; Population growth ; Remote sensing systems ; Seed dispersal ; Seeds ; source‐sink dynamics ; Species ; Velocity ; water logging ; Wind
  • É parte de: Ecology and evolution, 2021-11, Vol.11 (22), p.16239-16249
  • Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
    ObjectType-Feature-2
    content type line 23
  • Descrição: Hydrology is a major environmental factor determining plant fitness, and hydrological niche segregation (HNS) has been widely used to explain species coexistence. Nevertheless, the distribution of plant species along hydrological gradients does not only depend on their hydrological niches but also depend on their seed dispersal, with dispersal either weakening or reinforcing the effects of HNS on coexistence. However, it is poorly understood how seed dispersal responds to hydrological conditions. To close this gap, we conducted a common‐garden experiment exposing five wind‐dispersed plant species (Bellis perennis, Chenopodium album, Crepis sancta, Hypochaeris glabra, and Hypochaeris radicata) to different hydrological conditions. We quantified the effects of hydrological conditions on seed production and dispersal traits, and simulated seed dispersal distances with a mechanistic dispersal model. We found species‐specific responses of seed production, seed dispersal traits, and predicted dispersal distances to hydrological conditions. Despite these species‐specific responses, there was a general positive relationship between seed production and dispersal distance: Plants growing in favorable hydrological conditions not only produce more seeds but also disperse them over longer distances. This arises mostly because plants growing in favorable environments grow taller and thus disperse their seeds over longer distances. We postulate that the positive relationship between seed production and dispersal may reduce the concentration of each species to the environments favorable for it, thus counteracting species coexistence. Moreover, the resulting asymmetrical gene flow from favorable to stressful habitats may slow down the microevolution of hydrological niches, causing evolutionary niche conservatism. Accounting for context‐dependent seed dispersal should thus improve ecological and evolutionary models for the spatial dynamics of plant populations and communities. To test how seed dispersal by wind responds to abiotic contexts, we estimate fecundity and seed dispersal of five plant species under various hydrological conditions by combining common‐garden experiments and mechanistic modeling, and quantified the relationship between seed production and seed dispersal. There was a general positive relationship between seed production and dispersal distance. The positive relationship between seed production and dispersal may reduce the concentration of each species to the environments favorable for it, thus counteracting species coexistence.
  • Editor: England: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
  • Idioma: Inglês
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