Outcomes by Clinical and Molecular Features in Children With Medulloblastoma Treated With Risk-Adapted Therapy: Results of an International Phase III Trial (SJMB03)

• Autor: Gajjar, Amar ; Robinson, Giles W ; Smith, Kyle S ; Lin, Tong ; Merchant, Thomas E ; Chintagumpala, Murali ; Mahajan, Anita ; Su, Jack ; Bouffet, Eric ; Bartels, Ute ; Schechter, Tal ; Hassall, Tim ; Robertson, Thomas ; Nicholls, Wayne ; Gururangan, Sridharan ; Schroeder, Kristin ; Sullivan, Michael ; Wheeler, Greg ; Hansford, Jordan R ; Kellie, Stewart J ; McCowage, Geoffrey ; Cohn, Richard ; Fisher, Michael J ; Krasin, Matthew J ; Stewart, Clinton F ; Broniscer, Alberto ; Buchhalter, Ivo ; Tatevossian, Ruth G ; Orr, Brent A ; Neale, Geoff ; Klimo, Jr, Paul ; Boop, Frederick ; Srinivasan, Ashok ; Pfister, Stefan M ; Gilbertson, Richard J ; Onar-Thomas, Arzu ; Ellison, David W ; Northcott, Paul A
• Assuntos: Adolescent ; Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics ; Cerebellar Neoplasms - genetics ; Cerebellar Neoplasms - mortality ; Cerebellar Neoplasms - pathology ; Cerebellar Neoplasms - therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA Methylation ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Epigenome ; Epigenomics ; Female ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medulloblastoma - genetics ; Medulloblastoma - mortality ; Medulloblastoma - secondary ; Medulloblastoma - therapy ; Mutation ; Original Reports ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Progression-Free Survival ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
• É parte de: Journal of clinical oncology, 2021-03, Vol.39 (7), p.822-835
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• Descrição: SJMB03 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00085202) was a phase III risk-adapted trial that aimed to determine the frequency and clinical significance of biological variants and genetic alterations in medulloblastoma. Patients 3-21 years old were stratified into average-risk and high-risk treatment groups based on metastatic status and extent of resection. Medulloblastomas were molecularly classified into subgroups (Wingless [WNT], Sonic Hedgehog [SHH], group 3, and group 4) and subtypes based on DNA methylation profiles and overlaid with gene mutations from next-generation sequencing. Coprimary study end points were (1) to assess the relationship between ERBB2 protein expression in tumors and progression-free survival (PFS), and (2) to estimate the frequency of mutations associated with WNT and SHH tumors. Clinical and molecular risk factors were evaluated, and the most robust were used to model new risk-classification categories. Three hundred thirty eligible patients with medulloblastoma were enrolled. Five-year PFS was 83.2% (95% CI, 78.4 to 88.2) for average-risk patients (n = 227) and 58.7% (95% CI, 49.8 to 69.1) for high-risk patients (n = 103). No association was found between ERBB2 status and PFS in the overall cohort ( = .74) or when patients were stratified by clinical risk ( = .71). Mutations in (96%), (37%), and (24%) were most common in WNT tumors and (38%), (21%), and (19%) in SHH tumors. Methylome profiling classified 53 WNT (17.4%), 48 SHH (15.7%), 65 group 3 (21.3%), and 139 group 4 (45.6%) tumors. A comprehensive clinicomolecular risk factor analysis identified three low-risk groups (WNT, low-risk SHH, and low-risk combined groups 3 and 4) with excellent (5-year PFS > 90%) and two very high-risk groups (high-risk SHH and high-risk combined groups 3 and 4) with poor survival (5-year PFS < 60%). These results establish a new risk stratification for future medulloblastoma trials.
  
• Editor: United States: American Society of Clinical Oncology
  
• Idioma: Inglês