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Borate Minerals and Origin of the RNA World
Grew, Edward S. ; Bada, Jeffrey L. ; Hazen, Robert M.
Origins of
life
and evolution of biospheres, 2011-08, Vol.41 (4), p.307-316
[Peer Reviewed Journal]
Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands
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Title:
Borate Minerals and Origin of the RNA World
Author:
Grew, Edward S.
;
Bada, Jeffrey L.
;
Hazen, Robert M.
Subjects:
Astronomy
;
Astrophysics and Astroparticles
;
Biochemistry
;
Biomedical and
Life
Sciences
;
Biosphere
;
Borates - chemistry
;
Boron
;
Continental crust
;
Crystallization
;
Earth
Sciences
;
Earth, Planet
;
Environment
;
Geochemistry
;
Geology
;
Life
Sciences
;
Metamorphism
;
Minerals
;
Minerals - chemistry
;
Observations and Techniques
;
Prebiotic Chemistry
;
Ribonucleic acid
;
Ribose
;
Ribose - metabolism
;
RNA
;
RNA - chemistry
;
Transcription
;
Water - chemistry
Is Part Of:
Origins of
life
and evolution of biospheres, 2011-08, Vol.41 (4), p.307-316
Notes:
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ObjectType-Article-2
ObjectType-Feature-1
Description:
The RNA World is generally thought to have been an important link between purely prebiotic (>3.7 Ga) chemistry and modern DNA/protein biochemistry. One concern about the RNA World hypothesis is the geochemical stability of ribose, the sugar moiety of RNA. Prebiotic stabilization of ribose by solutions associated with borate minerals, notably colemanite, ulexite, and kernite, has been proposed as one resolution to this difficulty. However, a critical unresolved issue is whether borate minerals existed in sufficient quantities on the primitive Earth, especially in the period when prebiotic synthesis processes leading to RNA took place. Although the oldest reported colemanite and ulexite are 330 Ma, and the oldest reported kernite, 19 Ma, boron isotope data and geologic context are consistent with an evaporitic borate precursor to 2400-2100 Ma borate deposits in the Liaoning and Jilin Provinces, China, as well as to tourmaline-group minerals at 3300–3450 Ma in the Barberton belt, South Africa. The oldest boron minerals for which the age of crystallization could be determined are the metamorphic tourmaline species schorl and dravite in the Isua complex (metamorphism between ca. 3650 and ca. 3600 Ma). Whether borates such as colemanite, ulexite and kernite were present in the Hadean (>4000 Ma) at the critical juncture when prebiotic molecules such as ribose required stabilization depends on whether a granitic continental crust had yet differentiated, because in its absence we see no means for boron to be sufficiently concentrated for borates to be precipitated.
Publisher:
Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands
Language:
English;Dutch
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