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Tracking transmission of apicomplexan symbionts in diverse Caribbean corals

Kirk, Nathan L ; Ritson-Williams, Raphael ; Coffroth, Mary Alice ; Miller, Margaret W ; Fogarty, Nicole D ; Santos, Scott R Medina, Mónica

PloS one, 2013-11, Vol.8 (11), p.e80618 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: Public Library of Science

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Tracking transmission of apicomplexan symbionts in diverse Caribbean corals
Autor: Kirk, Nathan L ; Ritson-Williams, Raphael ; Coffroth, Mary Alice ; Miller, Margaret W ; Fogarty, Nicole D ; Santos, Scott R
Medina, Mónica
Assuntos: Acropora cervicornis ; Acropora palmata ; Adults ; Agaricia agaricites ; Agaricia tenuifolia ; Alveolata - classification ; Alveolata - genetics ; Alveolata - physiology ; Animals ; Anthozoa - parasitology ; Anthozoa - physiology ; Belize ; Biodiversity ; Colonies ; Coral Reefs ; Corals ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Disease transmission ; DNA ; Favia fragum ; Fisheries management ; Florida ; Gametes ; Geography ; Larvae ; Microorganisms ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycetophyllia ferox ; Offspring ; Orbicella faveolata ; Parasites ; Porites astreoides ; Pseudodiploria strigosa ; Reproduction ; Spawning ; Symbiodinium ; Symbionts ; Symbiosis
É parte de: PloS one, 2013-11, Vol.8 (11), p.e80618
Notas: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Conceived and designed the experiments: NLK RRW MAC MWM NDF SRS. Performed the experiments: NLK RRW MAC MWM NDF. Analyzed the data: NLK RRW NDF SRS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NLK RRW MAC MWM NDF SRS. Wrote the manuscript: NLK RRW MAC MWM NDF SRS. Obtained permits: RRW MAC MWM NDF.
Descrição: Symbionts in each generation are transmitted to new host individuals either vertically (parent to offspring), horizontally (from exogenous sources), or a combination of both. Scleractinian corals make an excellent study system for understanding patterns of symbiont transmission since they harbor diverse symbionts and possess distinct reproductive modes of either internal brooding or external broadcast spawning that generally correlate with vertical or horizontal transmission, respectively. Here, we focused on the under-recognized, but apparently widespread, coral-associated apicomplexans (Protista: Alveolata) to determine if symbiont transmission depends on host reproductive mode. Specifically, a PCR-based assay was utilized towards identifying whether planula larvae and reproductive adults from brooding and broadcast spawning scleractinian coral species in Florida and Belize harbored apicomplexan DNA. Nearly all (85.5%; n = 85/89) examined planulae of five brooding species (Porites astreoides, Agaricia tenuifolia, Agaricia agaricites, Favia fragum, Mycetophyllia ferox) and adults of P. astreoides were positive for apicomplexan DNA. In contrast, no (n = 0/10) apicomplexan DNA was detected from planulae of four broadcast spawning species (Acropora cervicornis, Acropora palmata, Pseudodiploria strigosa, and Orbicella faveolata) and rarely in gametes (8.9%; n = 5/56) of these species sampled from the same geographical range as the brooding species. In contrast, tissue samples from nearly all (92.0%; n = 81/88) adults of the broadcast spawning species A. cervicornis, A. palmata and O. faveolata harbored apicomplexan DNA, including colonies whose gametes and planulae tested negative for these symbionts. Taken together, these data suggest apicomplexans are transmitted vertically in these brooding scleractinian coral species while the broadcast spawning scleractinian species examined here acquire these symbionts horizontally. Notably, these transmission patterns are consistent with those of other scleractinian coral symbionts. While this study furthers knowledge regarding these symbionts, numerous questions remain to be addressed, particularly in regard to the specific interaction(s) between these apicomplexans and their hosts.
Editor: United States: Public Library of Science
Idioma: Inglês

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Tracking transmission of apicomplexan symbionts in diverse Caribbean corals

Kirk, Nathan L ; Ritson-Williams, Raphael ; Coffroth, Mary Alice ; Miller, Margaret W ; Fogarty, Nicole D ; Santos, Scott R Medina, Mónica

United States: Public Library of Science

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