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Chronological seriation of the Senegambian megalithic ceramic (Senegal, Gambia) 700 BC - 1700 AD
Gallay, Alain
Journal of African archaeology, 2010-01, Vol.8 (1), p.99-130
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Título:
Chronological seriation of the Senegambian megalithic ceramic (Senegal, Gambia) 700 BC - 1700 AD
Autor:
Gallay, Alain
Assuntos:
Africa
;
Archaeological dating
;
Archaeological excavation
;
Ceramics
;
Funeral monuments
;
Funerary archaeology
;
Pottery
;
Trade
É parte de:
Journal of African archaeology, 2010-01, Vol.8 (1), p.99-130
Notas:
ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
content type line 23
ObjectType-Feature-1
Descrição:
ABSTRACT IN FRENCH: Les recherches sur les mégalithes sénégambiens sont dominées par les travaux de Guy Thilmans et Cyr Descamps à qui l'on doit une excellente connaissance de la taphonomie de ces monuments funéraires. Le mobilier découvert lors de ces fouilles, en particulier la céramique, n'a par contre jamais fait l'objet d'une étude systématique. Cet article propose une première sériation chronologique de la céramique associée aux sépultures mégalithiques sénégambiennes. Cette ordination se fonde essentiellement sur les matériaux récoltés dans la partie occidentale de la zone mégalithique correspondant aux bassins du Bao Bolon et du Nianila, deux affluents de la Gambie. Elle concerne notamment la céramique des fouilles que nous avions entreprises en 1980-81 sur le site de Mbolob Tobé à Santhiou Kohel et sur la stratigraphie mise en évidence en 2002 et 2003 dans le cercle n°27 de Sine Ngayène (Sénégal) par Augustin Holl et Hamady Bocoum. On propose une séquence en trois phases suivies d'une phase postmégalithique. Les phases Mégalithique 1 et Mégalithique 2 sont confirmées par la séquence statigraphique du double cercle n°27 de Sine Ngayène. La distinction entre les phases 2 et 3 ne repose par contre que sur des considérations d'ordre topographique: tumulus situés en périphérie des zones occupées par les cercles mégalithiques dans les nécropoles mixtes. Elle demande à être confirmée ou infirmée par des datations C14. Cette distinction pourrait en effet relever de productions de castes distinctes plus ou moins contemporaines, une question qui renvoie au contexte économique, social et politique des sociétés précoloniales ouest-africaines. // ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Our knowledge of Senegambian megaliths owes a lot to the works of Guy Thilmans and Cyr Descamps, who have analyzed in-depth funerary monuments in a taphonomic perspective. But the ware unearthed during excavations, namely pottery, has never been thoroughly studied. The article suggests a first chronological seriation of pottery found in Senegambian megalithic graves. This ordering relies mainly on ware collected in the Bao Bolon basin (a tributary to the Gambia river), i.e., the westernmost part of the megalithic region. We used, among else, the ware excavated by University of Geneva in 1980-81 from the Mbolob Tobé site at Santhiou Kohel, as well as the stratigraphy discovered in 2002 and 2003 by Augustin Holl and Hamady Bocoum in circle 27 at Sine Ngayène. We were able to identify four phases, i.e., three megalithic phases plus a postmegalithic one. The first two phases Megalithic 1 and 2 have been corroborated by the statigraphic series in double-monolithic-circle 27 at Sine Ngayène. Phase 3 only differs from phase 2 by topographical features: tumulus outside the megalithic circles zone in the combined necropolis. Validation by C14 dating is still pending, as the contrast between `phases' 2 and 3 may be a matter of castes rather of time. Putting the whole back into the social, political and trade context of pre-colonial Western African societies might also contribute to a robust interpretation.
Idioma:
Francês
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