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A new approach for the analysis of facial growth and age estimation: Iris ratio

Machado, Carlos Eduardo Palhares ; Flores, Marta Regina Pinheiro ; Lima, Laíse Nascimento Correia ; Tinoco, Rachel Lima Ribeiro ; Franco, Ademir ; Bezerra, Ana Cristina Barreto ; Evison, Martin Paul ; Guimarães, Marco Aurélio Elsalanty, Mohammed E.

PloS one, 2017-07, Vol.12 (7), p.e0180330-e0180330 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: Public Library of Science

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Título:
A new approach for the analysis of facial growth and age estimation: Iris ratio
Autor: Machado, Carlos Eduardo Palhares ; Flores, Marta Regina Pinheiro ; Lima, Laíse Nascimento Correia ; Tinoco, Rachel Lima Ribeiro ; Franco, Ademir ; Bezerra, Ana Cristina Barreto ; Evison, Martin Paul ; Guimarães, Marco Aurélio
Elsalanty, Mohammed E.
Assuntos: Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Adults ; Age ; Age determination ; Age determination (Biology) ; Age determination (Zoology) ; Allometry ; Analysis ; Anatomy ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Body measurements ; Brazil ; Cephalometry - methods ; Child ; Child abuse ; Child abuse & neglect ; Child Abuse, Sexual - prevention & control ; Child pornography ; Children ; Children & youth ; Chronology ; Correlation coefficient ; Correlation coefficients ; Criminal investigations ; Dentistry ; Erotica ; Face ; Face - anatomy & histology ; Female ; Forensic anthropology ; Forensic engineering ; Forensic science ; Forensic sciences ; Genetics ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Iris ; Iris (Eye) ; Iris - anatomy & histology ; Landmarks ; Legal medicine ; Male ; Mathematical analysis ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Morphology ; People and Places ; Photography ; Police ; Pornography ; Prevention ; Reliability analysis ; Social Sciences ; Software ; Studies ; Variance analysis ; Young Adult
É parte de: PloS one, 2017-07, Vol.12 (7), p.e0180330-e0180330
Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Descrição: The study of facial growth is explored in many fields of science, including anatomy, genetics, and forensics. In the field of forensics, it acts as a valuable tool for combating child pornography. The present research proposes a new method, based on relative measurements and fixed references of the human face-specifically considering measurements of the diameter of the iris (iris ratio)-for the analysis of facial growth in association with age in children and sub-adults. The experimental sample consisted of digital photographs of 1000 Brazilian subjects, aged between 6 and 22 years, distributed equally by sex and divided into five specific age groups (6, 10, 14, 18, and 22 year olds ± one month). The software package SAFF-2D® (Forensic Facial Analysis System, Brazilian Federal Police, Brazil) was used for positioning 11 landmarks on the images. Ten measurements were calculated and used as fixed references to evaluate the growth of the other measurements for each age group, as well the accumulated growth (6-22 years old). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was applied for the evaluation of intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability within a specific set of images. Pearson's Correlation Coefficient was used to assess the association between each measurement taken and the respective age groups. ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey tests were used to search for statistical differences between the age groups. The outcomes indicated that facial structures grow with different timing in children and adolescents. Moreover, the growth allometry expressed in this study may be used to understand what structures have more or less proportional variation in function for the age ranges studied. The diameter of the iris was found to be the most stable measurement compared to the others and represented the best cephalometric measurement as a fixed reference for facial growth ratios (or indices). The method described shows promising potential for forensic applications, especially as part of the armamentarium against crimes involving child pornography and child abuse.
Editor: United States: Public Library of Science
Idioma: Inglês

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A new approach for the analysis of facial growth and age estimation: Iris ratio

Machado, Carlos Eduardo Palhares ; Flores, Marta Regina Pinheiro ; Lima, Laíse Nascimento Correia ; Tinoco, Rachel Lima Ribeiro ; Franco, Ademir ; Bezerra, Ana Cristina Barreto ; Evison, Martin Paul ; Guimarães, Marco Aurélio Elsalanty, Mohammed E.

United States: Public Library of Science

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