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Extracellular Ca2+ Is Required for Fertilization in the African Clawed Frog, Xenopus laevis

Wozniak, Katherine L ; Mayfield, Brianna L ; Duray, Alexis M ; Tembo, Maiwase ; Beleny, David O ; Napolitano, Marc A ; Sauer, Monica L ; Wisner, Bennett W ; Carlson, Anne E Klymkowsky, Michael

PloS one, 2017, Vol.12 (1), p.e0170405-e0170405 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: Public Library of Science

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Título:
Extracellular Ca2+ Is Required for Fertilization in the African Clawed Frog, Xenopus laevis
Autor: Wozniak, Katherine L ; Mayfield, Brianna L ; Duray, Alexis M ; Tembo, Maiwase ; Beleny, David O ; Napolitano, Marc A ; Sauer, Monica L ; Wisner, Bennett W ; Carlson, Anne E
Klymkowsky, Michael
Assuntos: Acrosome reaction ; Amphibians ; Animals ; Anura ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Calcium (extracellular) ; Calcium - metabolism ; Calcium chloride ; Calcium influx ; Cations ; Chelating agents ; Chelating Agents - chemistry ; Divalent cations ; Eggs ; Embryogenesis ; Embryonic growth stage ; Embryos ; Female ; Fertilization ; Furrows ; Male ; Mammals ; Motility ; Physiology ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Sperm ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; Xenopus laevis ; Xenopus laevis - embryology ; Xenopus laevis - physiology
É parte de: PloS one, 2017, Vol.12 (1), p.e0170405-e0170405
Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Conceptualization: AEC KLW BLM.Data curation: AEC KLW BLM MT.Formal analysis: AEC KLW BLM AMD MT DOB MAN.Funding acquisition: AEC.Investigation: AEC KLW BLM AMD MT DOB MAN MLS BWW.Methodology: AEC KLW BLM MT.Project administration: AEC KLW BLM MT.Supervision: AEC.Validation: AEC KLW BLM MT.Visualization: AEC KLW BLM AMD.Writing – original draft: AEC KLW BLM.Writing – review & editing: AEC KLW BLM AMD MT.
Descrição: The necessity of extracellular Ca2+ for fertilization and early embryonic development in the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, is controversial. Ca2+ entry into X. laevis sperm is reportedly required for the acrosome reaction, yet fertilization and embryonic development have been documented to occur in high concentrations of the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA. Here we sought to resolve this controversy. Using the appearance of cleavage furrows as an indicator of embryonic development, we found that X. laevis eggs inseminated in a solution lacking added divalent cations developed normally. By contrast, eggs inseminated in millimolar concentrations of BAPTA or EGTA failed to develop. Transferring embryos to varying solutions after sperm addition, we found that extracellular Ca2+ is specifically required for events occurring within the first 30 minutes after sperm addition, but not after. We found that the fluorescently stained sperm were not able to penetrate the envelope of eggs inseminated in high BAPTA, whereas several had penetrated the vitelline envelope of eggs inseminated without a Ca2+ chelator, or with BAPTA and saturating CaCl2. Together these results indicate that fertilization does not occur in high concentrations of Ca2+ chelators. Finally, we found that the jelly coat includes >5 mM of readily diffusible Ca2+. Taken together, these data are consistent with requirement of extracellular Ca2+ for fertilization. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that the jelly coat surrounding the egg acts as a reserve of readily available Ca2+ ions to foster fertilization in changing extracellular milieu.
Editor: United States: Public Library of Science
Idioma: Inglês

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Extracellular Ca2+ Is Required for Fertilization in the African Clawed Frog, Xenopus laevis

Wozniak, Katherine L ; Mayfield, Brianna L ; Duray, Alexis M ; Tembo, Maiwase ; Beleny, David O ; Napolitano, Marc A ; Sauer, Monica L ; Wisner, Bennett W ; Carlson, Anne E Klymkowsky, Michael

United States: Public Library of Science

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