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HIV-associated chronic immune activation

Paiardini, Mirko ; Müller-Trutwin, Michaela

Immunological reviews, 2013-07, Vol.254 (1), p.78-101 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd

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Title:
HIV-associated chronic immune activation
Author: Paiardini, Mirko ; Müller-Trutwin, Michaela
Subjects: Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - virology ; HIV ; HIV Infections - immunology ; HIV Infections - virology ; HIV-1 - immunology ; HIV-1 - metabolism ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Humans ; immune activation ; Immunology ; inflammation ; Life Sciences ; Lymphocyte Activation - immunology ; Lymphocyte Depletion ; Lymphoid Tissue - immunology ; Lymphoid Tissue - virology ; Microbiology and Parasitology ; natural hosts ; pathogenesis ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - immunology ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - virology ; SIV ; Viral Proteins - immunology ; Virology ; Virus Replication
Is Part Of: Immunological reviews, 2013-07, Vol.254 (1), p.78-101
Notes: Yerkes National Primate Research Center
AREVA foundation
istex:1EB392A99746558E8CC569E249CF34D9DAF93AA2
ArticleID:IMR12079
ark:/67375/WNG-ZM9VZ2LK-T
Sidaction
NIH - No. R01-AI084836; No. R56-AI087186; No. P51OD011132
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
content type line 23
ObjectType-Review-2
ObjectType-Article-2
ObjectType-Feature-1
PMCID: PMC3729961
Description: Summary Systemic chronic immune activation is considered today as the driving force of CD4+ T‐cell depletion and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A residual chronic immune activation persists even in HIV‐infected patients in which viral replication is successfully inhibited by anti‐retroviral therapy, with the extent of this residual immune activation being associated with CD4+ T‐cell loss. Unfortunately, the causal link between chronic immune activation and CD4+ T‐cell loss has not been formally established. This article provides first a brief historical overview on how the perception of the causative role of immune activation has changed over the years and lists the different kinds of immune activation characteristic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The mechanisms proposed to explain the chronic immune activation are multiple and are enumerated here, as well as the mechanisms proposed on how chronic immune activation could lead to AIDS. In addition, we summarize the lessons learned from natural hosts that know how to ‘show AIDS the door’, and discuss how these studies informed the design of novel immune modulatory interventions that are currently being tested. Finally, we review the current approaches aimed at targeting chronic immune activation and evoke future perspectives.
Publisher: England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Language: English

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HIV-associated chronic immune activation

Paiardini, Mirko ; Müller-Trutwin, Michaela

England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd

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