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Prevalence of Hypertension in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sarki, Ahmed M ; Nduka, Chidozie U ; Stranges, Saverio ; Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin ; Uthman, Olalekan A

Medicine (Baltimore), 2015-12, Vol.94 (50), p.e1959-e1959 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: Wolters Kluwer Health

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  • Título:
    Prevalence of Hypertension in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  • Autor: Sarki, Ahmed M ; Nduka, Chidozie U ; Stranges, Saverio ; Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin ; Uthman, Olalekan A
  • Assuntos: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology ; Body Mass Index ; Developing Countries - statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Gross Domestic Product ; Humans ; Hypertension - epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Sex Distribution ; Smoking - epidemiology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis ; Young Adult
  • É parte de: Medicine (Baltimore), 2015-12, Vol.94 (50), p.e1959-e1959
  • Notas: SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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    ObjectType-Review-1
    ObjectType-Article-3
    ObjectType-Undefined-4
  • Descrição: We aimed to obtain overall and regional estimates of hypertension prevalence, and to examine the pattern of this disease condition across different socio-demographic characteristics in low-and middle-income countries. We searched electronic databases from inception to August 2015. We included population-based studies that reported hypertension prevalence using the current definition of blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or self-reported use of antihypertensive medication. We used random-effects meta-analyses to pool prevalence estimates of hypertension, overall, by World Bank region and country income group. Meta-regression analyses were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity across the included studies. A total of 242 studies, comprising data on 1,494,609 adults from 45 countries, met our inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 32.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 29.4-35.3), with the Latin America and Caribbean region reporting the highest estimates (39.1%, 95% CI 33.1-45.2). Pooled prevalence estimate was also highest across upper middle income countries (37.8%, 95% CI 35.0-40.6) and lowest across low-income countries (23.1%, 95% CI 20.1-26.2). Prevalence estimates were significantly higher in the elderly (≥65 years) compared with younger adults (<65 years) overall and across the geographical regions; however, there was no significant sex-difference in hypertension prevalence (31.9% vs 30.8%, P = 0.6). Persons without formal education (49.0% vs 24.9%, P < 0.00001), overweight/obese (46.4% vs 26.3%, P < 0.00001), and urban settlers (32.7% vs 25.2%, P = 0.0005) were also more likely to be hypertensive, compared with those who were educated, normal weight, and rural settlers respectively. This study provides contemporary and up-to-date estimates that reflect the significant burden of hypertension in low- and middle-income countries, as well as evidence that hypertension remains a major public health issue across the various socio-demographic subgroups. On average, about 1 in 3 adults in the developing world is hypertensive. The findings of this study will be useful for the design of hypertension screening and treatment programmes in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Editor: United States: Wolters Kluwer Health
  • Idioma: Inglês
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