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'Candidatus Phytoplasma', a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects

The IRPCM Phytoplasma/Spiroplasma Working Team - Phytoplasma taxonomy group

International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, 2004-07, Vol.54 (4), p.1243-1255 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Reading: Soc General Microbiol

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  • Título:
    'Candidatus Phytoplasma', a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects
  • Autor: The IRPCM Phytoplasma/Spiroplasma Working Team - Phytoplasma taxonomy group
  • Assuntos: Animals ; Bacteriology ; Base Composition ; Biological and medical sciences ; Codon ; Environment ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Genes, rRNA ; Insecta - microbiology ; Microbiology ; Miscellaneous ; Phylogeny ; Phytoplasma - classification ; Phytoplasma - cytology ; Phytoplasma - isolation & purification ; Phytoplasma - physiology ; Plants - microbiology ; RNA, Bacterial - genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics ; Sequence Homology ; Systematics
  • É parte de: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, 2004-07, Vol.54 (4), p.1243-1255
  • Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
    ObjectType-Feature-2
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  • Descrição: Correspondence G. Firrao firrao{at}uniud.it The trivial name ‘phytoplasma’ has been adopted to collectively name wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects, which were formerly known as mycoplasma-like organisms. Although phytoplasmas have not yet been cultivated in vitro , phylogenetic analyses based on various conserved genes have shown that they represent a distinct, monophyletic clade within the class Mollicutes . It is proposed here to accommodate phytoplasmas within the novel genus ‘ Candidatus ( Ca. ) Phytoplasma’. Given the diversity within ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma’, several subtaxa are needed to accommodate organisms that share <97·5 % similarity among their 16S rRNA gene sequences. This report describes the properties of ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma’, a taxon that includes the species ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ (the prokaryote associated with witches'-broom disease of small-fruited acid lime), ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma australiense’ (associated with Australian grapevine yellows), ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma fraxini’ (associated with ash yellows), ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma japonicum’ (associated with Japanese hydrangea phyllody), ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma brasiliense’ (associated with hibiscus witches'-broom in Brazil), ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma castaneae’ (associated with chestnut witches'-broom in Korea), ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma asteris' (associated with aster yellows), ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma mali’ (associated with apple proliferation), ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma phoenicium’ (associated with almond lethal disease), ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii’ (associated with clover proliferation), ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma cynodontis' (associated with Bermuda grass white leaf), ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma ziziphi’ (associated with jujube witches'-broom), ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma oryzae’ (associated with rice yellow dwarf) and six species-level taxa for which the Candidatus species designation has not yet been formally proposed (for the phytoplasmas associated with X-disease of peach, grapevine flavescence dorée, Central American coconut lethal yellows, Tanzanian lethal decline of coconut, Nigerian lethal decline of coconut and loofah witches'-broom, respectively). Additional species are needed to accommodate organisms that, despite their 16S rRNA gene sequence being >97·5 % similar to those of other ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma’ species, are characterized by distinctive biological, phytopathological and genetic properties. These include ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma pyri’ (associated with pear decline), ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum’ (associated with European stone fruit yellows), ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma spartii’ (associated with spartium witches'-broom), ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma rhamni’ (associated with buckthorn witches'-broom), ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma allocasuarinae’ (associated with allocasuarina yellows), ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi’ (associated with elm yellows) and an additional taxon for the stolbur phytoplasma. Conversely, some organisms, despite their 16S rRNA gene sequence being <97·5 % similar to that of any other ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma’ species, are not presently described as Candidatus species, due to their poor overall characterization. Abbreviations: Ca. , Candidatus ; IRPCM, International Research Programme for Comparative Mycoplasmology Published online ahead of print on 13 February 2004 as DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.02854-0. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Monique Garnier-Semancik, fine scientist and friend.
  • Editor: Reading: Soc General Microbiol
  • Idioma: Inglês
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  • Realização: ABCD-USP USP   Logos de Redes Sociais: Freepik

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