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The context dependence of non‐consumptive predator effects

Wirsing, Aaron J. ; Heithaus, Michael R. ; Brown, Joel S. ; Kotler, Burt P. ; Schmitz, Oswald J. ; Chase, Jonathan Chase, Jonathan

Ecology letters, 2021-01, Vol.24 (1), p.113-129 [Periódico revisado por pares]

England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd

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  • Título:
    The context dependence of non‐consumptive predator effects
  • Autor: Wirsing, Aaron J. ; Heithaus, Michael R. ; Brown, Joel S. ; Kotler, Burt P. ; Schmitz, Oswald J. ; Chase, Jonathan
  • Chase, Jonathan
  • Assuntos: Animals ; Anti‐predator behaviour ; Context ; contingency ; Dependence ; Ecosystem ; Ecosystem structure ; Environmental changes ; escape ; evasion landscape ; Food Chain ; Forecasting ; habitat domain ; hunting mode ; predation risk ; Predator-prey interactions ; Predators ; Predatory Behavior ; Prey ; risk effects ; Structure-function relationships ; top‐down effects ; trade‐offs
  • É parte de: Ecology letters, 2021-01, Vol.24 (1), p.113-129
  • Notas: ObjectType-Article-2
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
    ObjectType-Feature-3
    content type line 23
    ObjectType-Review-1
  • Descrição: Non‐consumptive predator effects (NCEs) are now widely recognised for their capacity to shape ecosystem structure and function. Yet, forecasting the propagation of these predator‐induced trait changes through particular communities remains a challenge. Accordingly, focusing on plasticity in prey anti‐predator behaviours, we conceptualise the multi‐stage process by which predators trigger direct and indirect NCEs, review and distil potential drivers of contingencies into three key categories (properties of the prey, predator and setting), and then provide a general framework for predicting both the nature and strength of direct NCEs. Our review underscores the myriad factors that can generate NCE contingencies while guiding how research might better anticipate and account for them. Moreover, our synthesis highlights the value of mapping both habitat domains and prey‐specific patterns of evasion success (‘evasion landscapes’) as the basis for predicting how direct NCEs are likely to manifest in any particular community. Looking ahead, we highlight two key knowledge gaps that continue to impede a comprehensive understanding of non‐consumptive predator–prey interactions and their ecosystem consequences; namely, insufficient empirical exploration of (1) context‐dependent indirect NCEs and (2) the ways in which direct and indirect NCEs are shaped interactively by multiple drivers of context dependence. Non‐consumptive predator effects are now widely recognised for their capacity to shape ecosystem structure and function, but forecasting their propagation through particular communities remains a challenge. Focusing on plasticity in prey anti‐predator behaviours, we conceptualise the multi‐stage process by which predators trigger direct and indirect NCEs, review potential drivers of contingencies into three key categories (properties of the prey, predator and setting), and provide a general framework for predicting both the nature and strength of direct NCEs. Looking ahead, we highlight two key knowledge gaps that continue to impede a comprehensive understanding of non‐consumptive predator–prey interactions and their ecosystem consequences; namely, insufficient empirical exploration of context‐dependent indirect NCEs and the ways in which direct and indirect NCEs are shaped interactively by multiple drivers of context dependence.
  • Editor: England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Idioma: Inglês
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