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People have shaped most of terrestrial nature for at least 12,000 years

Ellis, Erle C ; Gauthier, Nicolas ; Klein Goldewijk, Kees ; Bliege Bird, Rebecca ; Boivin, Nicole ; Díaz, Sandra ; Fuller, Dorian Q ; Gill, Jacquelyn L ; Kaplan, Jed O ; Kingston, Naomi ; Locke, Harvey ; McMichael, Crystal N H ; Ranco, Darren ; Rick, Torben C ; Shaw, M Rebecca ; Stephens, Lucas ; Svenning, Jens-Christian ; Watson, James E M

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2021-04, Vol.118 (17), p.1 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: National Academy of Sciences

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  • Título:
    People have shaped most of terrestrial nature for at least 12,000 years
  • Autor: Ellis, Erle C ; Gauthier, Nicolas ; Klein Goldewijk, Kees ; Bliege Bird, Rebecca ; Boivin, Nicole ; Díaz, Sandra ; Fuller, Dorian Q ; Gill, Jacquelyn L ; Kaplan, Jed O ; Kingston, Naomi ; Locke, Harvey ; McMichael, Crystal N H ; Ranco, Darren ; Rick, Torben C ; Shaw, M Rebecca ; Stephens, Lucas ; Svenning, Jens-Christian ; Watson, James E M
  • Assuntos: Archaeology ; Biodiversity ; Biological Sciences ; Biosphere ; Burning ; Colonization ; Domestication ; Human populations ; Hunting ; Land use ; Protected areas ; Social Sciences ; Species richness ; Terrestrial environments ; Vertebrates ; Woodlands
  • É parte de: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2021-04, Vol.118 (17), p.1
  • Notas: Edited by B. L. Turner, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, and approved March 4, 2021 (received for review November 13, 2020)
    Author contributions: E.C.E. and N.G. designed research; E.C.E., N.G., and K.K.G. performed research; N.G., K.K.G., J.O.K., and C.N.H.M. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; E.C.E., N.G., and K.K.G. analyzed data; and E.C.E., N.G., K.K.G., R.B.B., N.B., S.D., D.Q.F., J.L.G., J.O.K., N.K., H.L., C.N.H.M., D.R., T.C.R., M.R.S., L.S., J.-C.S., and J.E.M.W. wrote the paper.
  • Descrição: Archaeological and paleoecological evidence shows that by 10,000 BCE, all human societies employed varying degrees of ecologically transformative land use practices, including burning, hunting, species propagation, domestication, cultivation, and others that have left long-term legacies across the terrestrial biosphere. Yet, a lingering paradigm among natural scientists, conservationists, and policymakers is that human transformation of terrestrial nature is mostly recent and inherently destructive. Here, we use the most up-to-date, spatially explicit global reconstruction of historical human populations and land use to show that this paradigm is likely wrong. Even 12,000 y ago, nearly three quarters of Earth's land was inhabited and therefore shaped by human societies, including more than 95% of temperate and 90% of tropical woodlands. Lands now characterized as "natural," "intact," and "wild" generally exhibit long histories of use, as do protected areas and Indigenous lands, and current global patterns of vertebrate species richness and key biodiversity areas are more strongly associated with past patterns of land use than with present ones in regional landscapes now characterized as natural. The current biodiversity crisis can seldom be explained by the loss of uninhabited wildlands, resulting instead from the appropriation, colonization, and intensifying use of the biodiverse cultural landscapes long shaped and sustained by prior societies. Recognizing this deep cultural connection with biodiversity will therefore be essential to resolve the crisis.
  • Editor: United States: National Academy of Sciences
  • Idioma: Inglês
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