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Genetic diversity of decapod crustaceans in marine ecoregions of the Neotropical Atlantic

Teles, Jeniffer Natalia

Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP; Universidade de São Paulo; Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto 2024-02-02

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  • Título:
    Genetic diversity of decapod crustaceans in marine ecoregions of the Neotropical Atlantic
  • Autor: Teles, Jeniffer Natalia
  • Orientador: Mantelatto, Fernando Luis Medina
  • Assuntos: Conservação; Pancrustacea; Regiões Marinhas; Macroecologia; Filogeografia; Macroecology; Conservation; Phylogeography; Marine Regions
  • Notas: Tese (Doutorado)
  • Descrição: This doctoral thesis was divided into three chapters that explored genetic and phylogenetic patterns in species belonging to different groups of decapod crustaceans. In the first chapter, a comprehensive exploration testing the hypothesis of genetic diversity (GD) being affected among the Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW) was presented, focusing on decapod crustaceans along the Brazilian coast. Using analyses of Cytochrome C Oxidase I (COI) and 16S rRNA genes in 13 species, the study rejected the hypothesis and revealed no genetic structuring among ecoregions, emphasizing the correlation between GD and the impact of trawling. Unaffected species, especially in intertidal zones, exhibited higher GD, highlighting the importance of sustainable fishing practices. Despite the absence of regional genetic structuring, the study emphasized the significant impact of trawling and the role of habitat type in genetic diversity assessments, providing valuable insights into decapod crustacean populations. In the second chapter, the focus and study model turned to the pink shrimp Penaeus brasiliensis, a species of economic and ecological importance with implications for assessing the hypothesis of connectivity between populations with a wide distribution. Using reduced genome data (ddRADseq) and COI sequences, the study explored the genetic connectivity of P. brasiliensis in the Western Atlantic. Contrary to expectations, ecoregions did not impede genetic connectivity; instead, the Amazon-Orinoco Plume (AOP) emerged as a significant barrier, dividing the species into northern and southern populations. The North exhibited higher genetic diversity and a larger effective population size, with unidirectional migration from the south to the north. The study unraveled the population dynamics of the species, emphasizing the limited impact of ecoregions as significant barriers and highlighting the role of AOP in shaping distinct populations. Finally, in the last chapter, the hypothesis regarding the role of genetic diversity in the vulnerability of the marine environment due to overexploitation was emphasized. Focusing on the impact of trawling and environmental factors on Taxonomic Diversity (TD) and Phylogenetic Diversity (PD) of decapod crustaceans in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Brazil, the study mapped TD, PD, and fishing pressure along the coast. Positive correlations with current speed, salinity, and primary productivity, and negative correlations with trawling fishing pressure and bathymetry were observed. The complex correlation between TD, PD, and environmental factors highlighted the intricate dynamics influencing crustacean communities. Trawling fishing pressure, identified as the main detriment, raised considerations for reducing trawling, especially in the southern and southeastern regions, offering valuable insights for future conservation and management strategies in the area.
  • DOI: 10.11606/T.59.2024.tde-07032024-084954
  • Editor: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP; Universidade de São Paulo; Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto
  • Data de criação/publicação: 2024-02-02
  • Formato: Adobe PDF
  • Idioma: Inglês
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  • Realização: ABCD-USP USP   Logos de Redes Sociais: Freepik

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