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Great apes use self-experience to anticipate an agent’s action in a false-belief test

Kano, Fumihiro ; Krupenye, Christopher ; Hirata, Satoshi ; Tomonaga, Masaki ; Call, Josep

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2019-10, Vol.116 (42), p.20904-20909 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: National Academy of Sciences

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  • Título:
    Great apes use self-experience to anticipate an agent’s action in a false-belief test
  • Autor: Kano, Fumihiro ; Krupenye, Christopher ; Hirata, Satoshi ; Tomonaga, Masaki ; Call, Josep
  • Assuntos: Animal behavior ; Animals ; Apes ; Behavior, Animal ; Cognition ; Comprehension ; Cues ; Culture ; Female ; Goggles ; Hominidae - physiology ; Hominidae - psychology ; Male ; Social Sciences ; Theory of Mind
  • É parte de: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2019-10, Vol.116 (42), p.20904-20909
  • Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
    ObjectType-Feature-2
    content type line 23
    Edited by Frans B. M. de Waal, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, and approved August 30, 2019 (received for review June 13, 2019)
    Author contributions: F.K., C.K., S.H., M.T., and J.C. contributed funding; F.K. designed research; F.K., C.K., S.H., and M.T. performed research; F.K. analyzed data; and F.K., C.K., and J.C. wrote the paper.
  • Descrição: Human social life depends on theory of mind, the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others. A signature of theory of mind, false belief understanding, requires representing others’ views of the world, even when they conflict with one’s own. After decades of research, it remains controversial whether any nonhuman species possess a theory of mind. One challenge to positive evidence of animal theory of mind, the behavior-rule account, holds that animals solve such tasks by responding to others’ behavioral cues rather than their mental states. We distinguish these hypotheses by implementing a version of the “goggles” test, which asks whether, in the absence of any additional behavioral cues, animals can use their own self-experience of a novel barrier being translucent or opaque to determine whether another agent can see through the same barrier. We incorporated this paradigm into an established anticipatory-looking false-belief test for great apes. In a between-subjects design, apes experienced a novel barrier as either translucent or opaque, although both looked identical from afar. While being eye tracked, all apes then watched a video in which an actor saw an object hidden under 1 of 2 identical boxes. The actor then scuttled behind the novel barrier, at which point the object was relocated and then removed. Only apes who experienced the barrier as opaque visually anticipated that the actor would mistakenly search for the object in its previous location. Great apes, therefore, appeared to attribute differential visual access based specifically on their own past perceptual experience to anticipate an agent’s actions in a false-belief test.
  • Editor: United States: National Academy of Sciences
  • Idioma: Inglês
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