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The Use of a Backward Masking Paradigm to Assess Information-Processing Deficits Among Schizotypics: A Re-evaluation of Steronko and Woods

MERRITT, REBECCA DAVIS ; BALOGH, DEBORAH WARE

The journal of nervous and mental disease, 1984-04, Vol.172 (4), p.216-224 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: Williams & Wilkins

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  • Título:
    The Use of a Backward Masking Paradigm to Assess Information-Processing Deficits Among Schizotypics: A Re-evaluation of Steronko and Woods
  • Autor: MERRITT, REBECCA DAVIS ; BALOGH, DEBORAH WARE
  • Assuntos: Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Form Perception ; Humans ; Male ; Memory ; Memory, Short-Term ; MMPI ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Perceptual Masking ; Reaction Time ; Schizophrenia - genetics ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Schizotypal Personality Disorder - genetics ; Schizotypal Personality Disorder - psychology
  • É parte de: The journal of nervous and mental disease, 1984-04, Vol.172 (4), p.216-224
  • Notas: ObjectType-Case Study-2
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
    ObjectType-Feature-4
    content type line 23
    ObjectType-Report-1
    ObjectType-Article-3
  • Descrição: In 1978, Steronko and Woods (J. Abnorm. Psychol., 87481–490, 1978) failed to find significant differences in early visual information processing between “schizotypic” and “psychiatric control” college students, as identified by the MMPI; yet these authors concluded that schizotypics suffer from information-processing deficits. The present study was designed to extend and clarify these findings by modifying the methods and procedures used by these researchers. A visual backward masking task was employed to study the information processing of individuals whose MMPI-168 profiles indicated schizophrenic tendencies in the absence of an obvious thought disorder. These schizotypic individuals were identified by the MMPI 2–7–8 code type and were compared with three other groups, also identified by their MMPI profilesan “inflation-free” control group, an “other-inflations” control group, and a group with an 8–9/9–8 MMPI code type. The 8–9/9–8 code type has been associated with psychotic features in adolescents and adults. Two dependent measures were evaluatedcritical stimulus duration in a no-mask condition and mean target identification as a function of varying interstimulus intervals. The 2–7–8 group had significantly higher critical stimulus duration values than either the inflation-free group or the 8–9 groups. The 2–7–8 group and the 8–9 groups had fewer correct identifications of target stimuli than either the inflation-free group or the other-inflations group. These results suggest that both the 2–7–8 group and the 8–9 group may be more vulnerable to the effects of the masking stimulus. It appears that the methods employed by Steronko and Woods may have obscured true differences between individuals who may be vulnerable to psychosis and individuals who may evidence other forms of psychopathology. Moreover, it is suggested that the 8–9 MMPI code type may be an additional index of vulnerability to schizophrenia.
  • Editor: United States: Williams & Wilkins
  • Idioma: Inglês
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  • Realização: ABCD-USP USP   Logos de Redes Sociais: Freepik

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