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Anomalies of viologens in bases and water

Corwin, Alsoph H. ; Arellano, Roberto R. ; Chivvis, Arthur B.

Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1968-11, Vol.162 (4), p.533-538 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Netherlands: Elsevier B.V

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  • Título:
    Anomalies of viologens in bases and water
  • Autor: Corwin, Alsoph H. ; Arellano, Roberto R. ; Chivvis, Arthur B.
  • Assuntos: Benzene Derivatives ; Carbonates ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydroxides ; Indicators and Reagents ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Piperidines ; Pyridines ; Pyridinium Compounds ; Pyrrolidines ; Spectrophotometry ; Water
  • É parte de: Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1968-11, Vol.162 (4), p.533-538
  • Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
    ObjectType-Feature-2
    content type line 23
  • Descrição: The use of viologens as oxidation-reduction indicators in the biochemical field has greatly increased recently. In the presence of organic and inorganic bases the viologens undergo an auto-reduction which casts doubts on their general reliability as oxidation-reduction indicators. The inorganic bases act on the viologens only at high concentrations of the latter; however, some nitrogen bases, like pyrrolidine and piperidine, cause the blue coloration even at the low concentrations used in biochemical work. KOH, NaOH and Na 2CO 3 (not NaHCO 3) gave the characteristic blue coloration of the reduced form when added to aqueous solutions of the viologens. Piperidine, pyrrolidine and pyridine affect the viologens in a similar manner. Benzyl viologen was reacted with NaOH, NaOCH 3 and pyrrolidine and the products of each reaction were isolated. On the basis of these results a mechanism is proposed for this disproportionation. Although reduced viologens do not follow Beer's law in water, we have found that they do follow it in certain organic solvents. The conclusions show that reductions of both benzyl and methyl viologen carried out at high pH values or in the presence of a nitrogen base may be partially or totally the result of the interaction of the base with the viologen.
  • Editor: Netherlands: Elsevier B.V
  • Idioma: Inglês
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