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Physics opportunities of a fixed-target experiment using LHC beams

Brodsky, S.J. ; Fleuret, F. ; Hadjidakis, C. ; Lansberg, J.P.

Physics reports, 2013-01, Vol.522 (4), p.239-255 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Kidlington: Elsevier B.V

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  • Título:
    Physics opportunities of a fixed-target experiment using LHC beams
  • Autor: Brodsky, S.J. ; Fleuret, F. ; Hadjidakis, C. ; Lansberg, J.P.
  • Assuntos: Exact sciences and technology ; Fixed-target experiment ; High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ; LHC beam ; Physics
  • É parte de: Physics reports, 2013-01, Vol.522 (4), p.239-255
  • Descrição: We outline the many physics opportunities offered by a multi-purpose fixed-target experiment using the proton and lead–ion beams of the LHC extracted by a bent crystal. In a proton run with the LHC 7 TeV beam, one can analyze pp, pd and pA collisions at center-of-mass energy sNN≃115GeV and even higher using the Fermi motion of the nucleons in a nuclear target. In a lead run with a 2.76 TeV-per-nucleon beam, sNN is as high as 72 GeV. Bent crystals can be used to extract about 5×108 protons/s; the integrated luminosity over a year reaches 0.5 fb−1 on a typical 1 cm long target without nuclear species limitation. We emphasize that such an extraction mode does not alter the performance of the collider experiments at the LHC. By instrumenting the target-rapidity region, gluon and heavy-quark distributions of the proton and the neutron can be accessed at large x and even at x larger than unity in the nuclear case. Single diffractive physics and, for the first time, the large negative-xF domain can be accessed. The nuclear target-species versatility provides a unique opportunity to study nuclear matter versus the features of the hot and dense matter formed in heavy-ion collisions, including the formation of the quark–gluon plasma, which can be studied in PbA collisions over the full range of target-rapidity domain with a large variety of nuclei. The polarization of hydrogen and nuclear targets allows an ambitious spin program, including measurements of the QCD lensing effects which underlie the Sivers single-spin asymmetry, the study of transversity distributions and possibly of polarized parton distributions. We also emphasize the potential offered by pA ultra-peripheral collisions where the nucleus target A is used as a coherent photon source, mimicking photoproduction processes in ep collisions. Finally, we note that W and Z bosons can be produced and detected in a fixed-target experiment and in their threshold domain for the first time, providing new ways to probe the partonic content of the proton and the nucleus.
  • Editor: Kidlington: Elsevier B.V
  • Idioma: Inglês
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