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Breakfast in the Philippines: food and diet quality as analyzed from the 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey

Angeles-Agdeppa, Imelda ; Custodio, Ma. Rosel S ; Toledo, Marvin B

Nutrition journal, 2022-08, Vol.21 (1), p.1-52, Article 52 [Periódico revisado por pares]

London: BioMed Central Ltd

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  • Título:
    Breakfast in the Philippines: food and diet quality as analyzed from the 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey
  • Autor: Angeles-Agdeppa, Imelda ; Custodio, Ma. Rosel S ; Toledo, Marvin B
  • Assuntos: Adolescents ; Age ; Ascorbic acid ; Breakfast ; Breakfast foods ; Consumers ; Diet ; Diet quality ; Energy ; Feeding behavior ; Food ; Food quality ; Fruits ; Households ; Meals ; NRF 9.3 ; Nutrient intake ; Nutrients ; Nutrition ; Nutrition research ; Philippines ; Potassium ; Proteins ; Questionnaires ; Requirements ; Sample size ; Surveys ; Vegetables ; Vitamins
  • É parte de: Nutrition journal, 2022-08, Vol.21 (1), p.1-52, Article 52
  • Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
    ObjectType-Feature-2
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  • Descrição: The quality of foods taken during breakfast could contribute in shaping diet quality. This study determined the regularity of breakfast consumption and breakfast quality based on the food, energy and nutrient intakes of Filipinos. Data from the 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS) was extracted for analysis. There were 63,655 individuals comprising about 14,013 school-aged children (6-12 years old), 9,082 adolescents (13-18 years old), 32,255 adults (19-59 years old), and 8,305 elderly (60 years old and above). Two-day non-consecutive 24-h food recalls were used to measure food and nutrient intakes. Diet quality was measured using Nutrient-Rich Food Index (NRF) 9.3. The sample was stratified by age group and NRF9.3 tertiles. This study revealed that majority of the population are regular breakfast consumers. However, the breakfast consumed regularly by Filipinos were found to be nutritionally inadequate. And even those classified under Tertile 3 which were assumed as having a better quality of breakfast were still found to have nutrient inadequacies. Thus, the study suggests that Filipinos must consume a healthy breakfast by including nutrient-dense foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fresh meat, and milk to provide at least 20-25% of the daily energy and nutrient intakes.
  • Editor: London: BioMed Central Ltd
  • Idioma: Inglês

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