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The gut microbiota: a major player in the toxicity of environmental pollutants?

Claus, Sandrine P ; Guillou, Hervé ; Ellero-Simatos, Sandrine

NPJ biofilms and microbiomes, 2016-05, Vol.2 (1), p.16003, Article 16003 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: Nature Publishing Group

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  • Título:
    The gut microbiota: a major player in the toxicity of environmental pollutants?
  • Autor: Claus, Sandrine P ; Guillou, Hervé ; Ellero-Simatos, Sandrine
  • Assuntos: Life Sciences ; Review
  • É parte de: NPJ biofilms and microbiomes, 2016-05, Vol.2 (1), p.16003, Article 16003
  • Descrição: Exposure to environmental chemicals has been linked to various health disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer and dysregulation of the immune and reproductive systems, whereas the gastrointestinal microbiota critically contributes to a variety of host metabolic and immune functions. We aimed to evaluate the bidirectional relationship between gut bacteria and environmental pollutants and to assess the toxicological relevance of the bacteria-xenobiotic interplay for the host. We examined studies using isolated bacteria, faecal or caecal suspensions-germ-free or antibiotic-treated animals-as well as animals reassociated with a microbiota exposed to environmental chemicals. The literature indicates that gut microbes have an extensive capacity to metabolise environmental chemicals that can be classified in five core enzymatic families (azoreductases, nitroreductases, β-glucuronidases, sulfatases and β-lyases) unequivocally involved in the metabolism of >30 environmental contaminants. There is clear evidence that bacteria-dependent metabolism of pollutants modulates the toxicity for the host. Conversely, environmental contaminants from various chemical families have been shown to alter the composition and/or the metabolic activity of the gastrointestinal bacteria, which may be an important factor contributing to shape an individual's microbiotype. The physiological consequences of these alterations have not been studied in details but pollutant-induced alterations of the gut bacteria are likely to contribute to their toxicity. In conclusion, there is a body of evidence suggesting that gut microbiota are a major, yet underestimated element that must be considered to fully evaluate the toxicity of environmental contaminants.
  • Editor: United States: Nature Publishing Group
  • Idioma: Inglês
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  • Realização: ABCD-USP USP   Logos de Redes Sociais: Freepik

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