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Fungicides: An Overlooked Pesticide Class?

Zubrod, Jochen P ; Bundschuh, Mirco ; Arts, Gertie ; Brühl, Carsten A ; Imfeld, Gwenaël ; Knäbel, Anja ; Payraudeau, Sylvain ; Rasmussen, Jes J ; Rohr, Jason ; Scharmüller, Andreas ; Smalling, Kelly ; Stehle, Sebastian ; Schulz, Ralf ; Schäfer, Ralf B

Environmental science & technology, 2019-04, Vol.53 (7), p.3347-3365 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: American Chemical Society

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Título:
Fungicides: An Overlooked Pesticide Class?
Autor: Zubrod, Jochen P ; Bundschuh, Mirco ; Arts, Gertie ; Brühl, Carsten A ; Imfeld, Gwenaël ; Knäbel, Anja ; Payraudeau, Sylvain ; Rasmussen, Jes J ; Rohr, Jason ; Scharmüller, Andreas ; Smalling, Kelly ; Stehle, Sebastian ; Schulz, Ralf ; Schäfer, Ralf B
Assuntos: Agricultural watersheds ; Agrochemicals ; Alterra - Environmental risk assessment ; Animals ; Aquatic animals ; Aquatic biota ; Aquatic ecosystems ; Aquatic environment ; Biota ; Catchments ; Critical Review ; Ecological risk assessment ; Ecosystem ; Environment models ; Environmental assessment ; Environmental impact ; Environmental risk ; Environmental Risk Assessment ; Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use ; Exposure ; Food security ; Fungicides ; Fungicides, Industrial ; Herbicides ; Insecticides ; Invertebrates ; Macrophytes ; Microorganisms ; Miljö- och naturvårdsvetenskap ; Mitigation ; Pesticides ; Risk assessment ; Surface water ; Vertebrates ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
É parte de: Environmental science & technology, 2019-04, Vol.53 (7), p.3347-3365
Descrição: Fungicides are indispensable to global food security and their use is forecasted to intensify. Fungicides can reach aquatic ecosystems and occur in surface water bodies in agricultural catchments throughout the entire growing season due to their frequent, prophylactic application. However, in comparison to herbicides and insecticides, the exposure to and effects of fungicides have received less attention. We provide an overview of the risk of fungicides to aquatic ecosystems covering fungicide exposure (i.e., environmental fate, exposure modeling, and mitigation measures) as well as direct and indirect effects of fungicides on microorganisms, macrophytes, invertebrates, and vertebrates. We show that fungicides occur widely in aquatic systems, that the accuracy of predicted environmental concentrations is debatable, and that fungicide exposure can be effectively mitigated. We additionally demonstrate that fungicides can be highly toxic to a broad range of organisms and can pose a risk to aquatic biota. Finally, we outline central research gaps that currently challenge our ability to predict fungicide exposure and effects, promising research avenues, and shortcomings of the current environmental risk assessment for fungicides.
Editor: United States: American Chemical Society
Idioma: Inglês

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Fungicides: An Overlooked Pesticide Class?

Zubrod, Jochen P ; Bundschuh, Mirco ; Arts, Gertie ; Brühl, Carsten A ; Imfeld, Gwenaël ; Knäbel, Anja ; Payraudeau, Sylvain ; Rasmussen, Jes J ; Rohr, Jason ; Scharmüller, Andreas ; Smalling, Kelly ; Stehle, Sebastian ; Schulz, Ralf ; Schäfer, Ralf B

United States: American Chemical Society

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