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WES feedback and the Atlantic Meridional Mode: observations and CMIP5 comparisons

Amaya, Dillon J. ; DeFlorio, Michael J. ; Miller, Arthur J. ; Xie, Shang-Ping

Climate dynamics, 2017-09, Vol.49 (5-6), p.1665-1679 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Título:
WES feedback and the Atlantic Meridional Mode: observations and CMIP5 comparisons
Autor: Amaya, Dillon J. ; DeFlorio, Michael J. ; Miller, Arthur J. ; Xie, Shang-Ping
Assuntos: Analysis ; Analysis of covariance ; Anomalies ; Atmosphere ; Atmospheric forcing ; Atmospheric models ; Climate ; Climate models ; Climatology ; Computer simulation ; Covariance ; Cyclones ; Dynamics ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Evaporation ; Evaporative cooling ; Evolution ; Feedback ; Geophysics/Geodesy ; Growth ; Heat flux ; Heat transfer ; Interactions ; Latent heat ; Latent heat flux ; Meteorological research ; Modelling ; Modes ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Oceanography ; Oceans ; Propagation ; Sea surface ; Southern Hemisphere ; Spring ; Surface temperature ; Trade winds ; Tropical climate ; Variability ; Wind
É parte de: Climate dynamics, 2017-09, Vol.49 (5-6), p.1665-1679
Descrição: The Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) is the dominant mode of tropical SST/wind coupled variability. Modeling studies have implicated wind-evaporation-SST (WES) feedback as the primary driver of the AMM’s evolution across the Atlantic basin; however, a robust coupling of the SST and winds has not been shown in observations. This study examines observed AMM growth, propagation, and decay as a result of WES interactions. Investigation of an extended maximum covariance analysis shows that boreal wintertime atmospheric forcing generates positive SST anomalies (SSTA) through a reduction of surface evaporative cooling. When the AMM peaks in magnitude during spring and summer, upward latent heat flux anomalies occur over the warmest SSTs and act to dampen the initial forcing. In contrast, on the southwestern edge of the SSTA, SST-forced cross-equatorial flow reduces the strength of the climatological trade winds and provides an anomalous latent heat flux into the ocean, which causes southwestward propagation of the initial atmosphere-forced SSTA through WES dynamics. Additionally, the lead-lag relationship of the ocean and atmosphere indicates a transition from an atmosphere-forcing-ocean regime in the northern subtropics to a highly coupled regime in the northern tropics that is not observed in the southern hemisphere. CMIP5 models poorly simulate the latitudinal transition from a one-way interaction to a two-way feedback, which may explain why they also struggle to reproduce spatially coherent interactions between tropical Atlantic SST and winds. This analysis provides valuable insight on how meridional modes act as links between extratropical and tropical variability and focuses future research aimed at improving climate model simulations.
Editor: Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Idioma: Inglês

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WES feedback and the Atlantic Meridional Mode: observations and CMIP5 comparisons

Amaya, Dillon J. ; DeFlorio, Michael J. ; Miller, Arthur J. ; Xie, Shang-Ping

Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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