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White‐sand Ecosystems in Amazonia

Adeney, J. Marion ; Christensen, Norman L ; Vicentini, Alberto ; Cohn‐Haft, Mario

Biotropica, 2016, Vol.48 (1), p.7-23 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Hoboken: Association for Tropical Biology

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  • Título:
    White‐sand Ecosystems in Amazonia
  • Autor: Adeney, J. Marion ; Christensen, Norman L ; Vicentini, Alberto ; Cohn‐Haft, Mario
  • Assuntos: Campina ; campinarana ; ecosystem services ; ecosystems ; fauna ; fire regime ; forests ; fungi ; grasslands ; heath forest ; hydrology ; logging ; podzol ; REVIEW ; sand ; sandy soils ; shrublands ; species diversity ; tropical forest ; varillal ; vegetation structure ; white-sand ecosystem ; white-sand forest
  • É parte de: Biotropica, 2016, Vol.48 (1), p.7-23
  • Notas: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12293
    istex:0186BF178FEBDB5ADD7AFE747E9219AA46B25F52
    NASA Earth Systems Science Fellowship
    FIGURE S1. High water tables caused by impeded drainage due to an underlying hardpan can cause long periods of saturation in some WSE even when the area appears dry. FIGURE S2. Small watersheds in the interfluvial area between the Madeira and the Purus rivers in the central Amazon show white-sand patches at the headwaters of blackwater streams.
    US Agency for International Development
    ark:/67375/WNG-ZBSN109N-Z
    ArticleID:BTP12293
    ObjectType-Article-1
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
    ObjectType-Feature-2
    content type line 23
  • Descrição: Vegetation on sandy soils, ranging from open grasslands and shrublands to closed‐canopy, thin‐trunked forests, can be found in patches throughout the Amazon. Despite variation in names, appearance, ecological correlates, and suggested origins, these ‘white‐sand ecosystems’ (WSE) share distinctive characteristics and biological communities. Here, in the first Amazon‐wide review of WSE, we review the variation in WSE and the factors underlying this variation. We present the most comprehensive Amazon‐wide map to date of WSE and calculate their total area. We find that WSE are still not completely mapped, and we use biological correlates as a proxy to indicate where white‐sand vegetation patches likely occur. Through our synthesis of the literature, we find that key factors, such as geologic origin, soil characteristics, hydrology, and fire regimes, vary widely and have differing impacts in different regions on vegetation structure and on floral, faunal, and fungal species composition. Although studies of WSE have increased dramatically in recent years, WSE in many parts of the Amazon remain understudied, and there is little synthesis of the interaction of factors across different areas. In response, we suggest priorities for future research. Finally, we find that WSE are inadequately protected and, where accessible, are regularly mined for sand, logged, or burned and cleared for agriculture. We argue that due to their island‐like distribution patterns and resultant complex metapopulation dynamics, their extremely slow recovery after disturbance, and their important contributions to basin‐wide diversity patterns and ecosystem services, WSE should be given special consideration in conservation efforts to ensure their persistence in Amazonia.
  • Editor: Hoboken: Association for Tropical Biology
  • Idioma: Inglês
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  • Realização: ABCD-USP USP   Logos de Redes Sociais: Freepik

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