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Effects of nitrate (NO3−) stress-induced exacerbated cadmium (Cd2+) toxicity on the inflammatory response, oxidative defense, and apoptosis in juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Yu, Jiachen ; Lian, Jie ; Wan, Yingying ; Li, Xiangyuan ; Liu, Pengfei ; Ji, Qing ; Zhou, Suyue ; Zheng, Nianhao ; Wang, Xingqiang

Journal of environmental sciences (China), 2025-06, Vol.152, p.535-548 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Elsevier B.V

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  • Título:
    Effects of nitrate (NO3−) stress-induced exacerbated cadmium (Cd2+) toxicity on the inflammatory response, oxidative defense, and apoptosis in juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
  • Autor: Yu, Jiachen ; Lian, Jie ; Wan, Yingying ; Li, Xiangyuan ; Liu, Pengfei ; Ji, Qing ; Zhou, Suyue ; Zheng, Nianhao ; Wang, Xingqiang
  • Assuntos: Apoptosis ; Cadmium ; Japanese flounder ; Nitrate pollution ; Oxidative defense
  • É parte de: Journal of environmental sciences (China), 2025-06, Vol.152, p.535-548
  • Descrição: •Cd2+ and NO3− co-exposure caused exacerbated liver damage in flounders.•Adverse effects on inflammation, redox status and apoptosis were observed.•The combination of NO3− amplifies Cd2+-induced deleterious effects. Due to the discharge of industrial wastewater, urban domestic sewage, and intensive marine aquaculture tailwater, nitrate (NO3−) pollution has emerged as a significant issue in offshore waters. Nitrate pollution affects aquatic life and may interact with other pollutants, leading to comprehensive toxicity. Cadmium (Cd2+) is the most widespread metal contaminant, adversely affecting aquatic life in the coastal waters of China. Despite this, few studies have focused on the synergistic toxicity of NO3− and Cd2+ in marine organisms. This study conducted a 30-day exposure experiment on marine Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) to explore the synergistic toxicity of NO3− and Cd2+. Our results demonstrated that the exposure to Cd2+ alone induced slight histopathological changes in the liver. However, malformations such as hepatic vacuolar degeneration and sinusoid dilatation were exacerbated under co-exposure. Moreover, co-exposure induced the downregulation of antioxidants and the upregulation of the product malonaldehyde (MDA) from lipid peroxidation, indicating potent oxidative stress in the liver. The increased mRNA expression of IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-1β, along with the decreased expression level of TGF-β, indicated a synergistic inflammatory response in the organisms. Furthermore, the co-exposure led to an abnormal expression of P53, caspase-3, caspase-9, Bcl-2, and Bax, and disturbed the apoptosis in the liver through TUNEL staining analysis. Overall, our results imply that co-exposure synergistically affects inflammation, redox status, and apoptosis in flounders. Therefore, the findings from this study provide valuable perspectives on the ecological risk assessment of marine teleosts co-exposure to NO3− and Cd2+. [Display omitted]
  • Editor: Elsevier B.V
  • Idioma: Inglês
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