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Meta-Analytic Review of the Development of Face Discrimination in Infancy: Face Race, Face Gender, Infant Age, and Methodology Moderate Face Discrimination

Sugden, Nicole A ; Marquis, Alexandra R Albarracín, Dolores

Psychological bulletin, 2017-11, Vol.143 (11), p.1201-1244 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: American Psychological Association

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  • Título:
    Meta-Analytic Review of the Development of Face Discrimination in Infancy: Face Race, Face Gender, Infant Age, and Methodology Moderate Face Discrimination
  • Autor: Sugden, Nicole A ; Marquis, Alexandra R
  • Albarracín, Dolores
  • Assuntos: Age Differences ; Age Factors ; Babies ; Child Development ; Childbirth & labor ; Coding ; Continental Population Groups ; Discrimination ; Face ; Face Perception ; Facial expressions ; Female ; First year ; Gender ; Gender Identity ; Human ; Human Sex Differences ; Humans ; Infancy ; Infant ; Infant Development ; Infants ; Male ; Meta-analysis ; Methodology ; Newborn babies ; Race ; Race and Ethnic Discrimination ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Timing ; Visual Perception
  • É parte de: Psychological bulletin, 2017-11, Vol.143 (11), p.1201-1244
  • Notas: ObjectType-Article-2
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
    ObjectType-Feature-1
    ObjectType-Review-3
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  • Descrição: Infants show facility for discriminating between individual faces within hours of birth. Over the first year of life, infants' face discrimination shows continued improvement with familiar face types, such as own-race faces, but not with unfamiliar face types, like other-race faces. The goal of this meta-analytic review is to provide an effect size for infants' face discrimination ability overall, with own-race faces, and with other-race faces within the first year of life, how this differs with age, and how it is influenced by task methodology. Inclusion criteria were (a) infant participants aged 0 to 12 months, (b) completing a human own- or other-race face discrimination task, (c) with discrimination being determined by infant looking. Our analysis included 30 works (165 samples, 1,926 participants participated in 2,623 tasks). The effect size for infants' face discrimination was small, 6.53% greater than chance (i.e., equal looking to the novel and familiar). There was a significant difference in discrimination by race, overall (own-race, 8.18%; other-race, 3.18%) and between ages (own-race: 0- to 4.5-month-olds, 7.32%; 5- to 7.5-month-olds, 9.17%; and 8- to 12-month-olds, 7.68%; other-race: 0- to 4.5-month-olds, 6.12%; 5- to 7.5-month-olds, 3.70%; and 8- to 12-month-olds, 2.79%). Multilevel linear (mixed-effects) models were used to predict face discrimination; infants' capacity to discriminate faces is sensitive to face characteristics including race, gender, and emotion as well as the methods used, including task timing, coding method, and visual angle. Public Significance Statement This meta-analytic review of infants' ability to recognize individual faces finds that infant age; face race, gender, and emotion; and experimental context influence recognition. Recognizing familiar face types (e.g., same gender and race as their primary caregiver) is robust whereas recognizing less familiar face types varies with context. This suggests that infants' face recognition is influenced both by the faces they are asked to recognize and by how they experience them.
  • Editor: United States: American Psychological Association
  • Idioma: Inglês
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