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In-school eyecare in special education settings has measurable benefits for children's vision and behaviour

Black, S A ; McConnell, E L ; McKerr, L ; McClelland, J F ; Little, J A ; Dillenburger, K ; Jackson, A J ; Anketell, P M ; Saunders, K J Rodríguez, Celestino

PloS one, 2019-08, Vol.14 (8), p.e0220480-e0220480 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: Public Library of Science

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Título:
In-school eyecare in special education settings has measurable benefits for children's vision and behaviour
Autor: Black, S A ; McConnell, E L ; McKerr, L ; McClelland, J F ; Little, J A ; Dillenburger, K ; Jackson, A J ; Anketell, P M ; Saunders, K J
Rodríguez, Celestino
Assuntos: Acuity ; Analysis ; Autism ; Behavior ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cerebral palsy ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Children ; Children & youth ; Classrooms ; Developmental disabilities ; Diagnostic systems ; Disability ; Dispensing ; Down syndrome ; Education ; Education, Special ; Enlargement ; Error correction ; Eye ; Eye examination ; Eye examinations ; Eyewear ; Families & family life ; Family medical history ; Female ; Glomerular filtration rate ; Health ; Health care ; Humans ; Learning ; Learning disabilities ; Learning Disabilities - complications ; Learning Disabilities - psychology ; Learning disorders ; Male ; Medical screening ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Optometry ; Parents ; Parents & parenting ; People and Places ; Polls & surveys ; Pupils ; Questionnaires ; Refraction ; Retirement benefits ; Risk factors ; School Health Services ; Social Sciences ; Special education ; Special needs students ; Teachers ; Teaching ; Vision disorders ; Vision Disorders - complications ; Vision Disorders - diagnosis ; Vision Disorders - therapy ; Vision Screening - methods ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual acuity ; Visual discrimination learning ; Visual impairment ; Visual observation ; Visual perception ; Visual tasks ; Young adults
É parte de: PloS one, 2019-08, Vol.14 (8), p.e0220480-e0220480
Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Descrição: To determine whether implementation of comprehensive in-school eyecare results in measurable benefits for children and young people in terms of visual status, classroom behaviours and how well their visual needs are met. School-based observational study. 200 pupils [mean age 10 years 9 months, 70% male, majority moderate (40%) or severe (35%) learning difficulty] of a special education school in the UK. A sector-agreed in-school eyecare framework including full eye examination and cycloplegic refraction, dispensing of spectacles (as appropriate) and written reporting of outcomes to parents/teachers was applied. Classroom behaviours were observed and recorded prior to, and after, the in-school eyecare. Surveys were employed to obtain visual histories from parents/teachers. School records and statutory documents were reviewed for diagnostic and learning disability classifications. Visual function and ocular health were profiled at baseline and significant visual deficits identified. Where such deficits were previously unrecognised, untreated or not compensated for (e.g. correction of refractive error, enlargement of educational material) they were recorded as 'unmet visual need'. At follow-up, 2-5 months after initial (baseline) measures, eye examinations, parent/teacher surveys and behaviour observations were repeated. Follow-up measures were used to determine if measurable improvements were evident in visual function, ocular health, the level of unmet need and classroom behaviour following implementation of in-school eyecare. 199 participants completed baseline and follow-up measures. 122 (61%) participants presented with at least one significant visual or ocular health deficit and 90 (45%) participants had at least one unmet visual need. Younger pupils and those with no previous history of eyecare were more likely to demonstrate unmet visual needs at baseline (OR 1.12 95% CI 1.03 to 1.21) p = 0.012; (OR 4.44 95% CI 1.38 to 14.29 p = 0.007 respectively). On follow-up, the number of pupils with unmet visual needs dropped significantly to 36 (18%) (McNemar's test p<0.001). Visual and behavioural metrics of participants without significant visual deficits or whose visual needs were adequately addressed at baseline remained relatively unchanged between baseline and follow-up (Wilcoxon signed rank p>0.05). Where significant refractive deficits were corrected at follow-up, near visual acuity improved significantly (Wilcoxon signed rank p = 0.013), however, poor spectacle compliance was a persistent cause of unmet visual need. Off-task behaviour reduced significantly after actions to address unmet visual needs were communicated to parents and teachers (Wilcoxon signed rank p = 0.035). The present study demonstrates for the first time measurable visual and behaviour benefits to children in special education settings when they receive comprehensive in-school eye examinations, on-site spectacle dispensing and jargon-free reporting of outcomes to teachers and parents.
Editor: United States: Public Library of Science
Idioma: Inglês

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In-school eyecare in special education settings has measurable benefits for children's vision and behaviour

Black, S A ; McConnell, E L ; McKerr, L ; McClelland, J F ; Little, J A ; Dillenburger, K ; Jackson, A J ; Anketell, P M ; Saunders, K J Rodríguez, Celestino

United States: Public Library of Science

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