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The roles and interactions of symbiont, host and environment in defining coral fitness

Mieog, Jos C ; Olsen, Jeanine L ; Berkelmans, Ray ; Bleuler-Martinez, Silvia A ; Willis, Bette L ; van Oppen, Madeleine J H Bruno, John F.

PloS one, 2009-07, Vol.4 (7), p.e6364 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: Public Library of Science

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Título:
The roles and interactions of symbiont, host and environment in defining coral fitness
Autor: Mieog, Jos C ; Olsen, Jeanine L ; Berkelmans, Ray ; Bleuler-Martinez, Silvia A ; Willis, Bette L ; van Oppen, Madeleine J H
Bruno, John F.
Assuntos: Acidification ; Acropora ; Algae ; Animals ; Anthozoa - classification ; Anthozoa - physiology ; Climate change ; Climatic changes ; Comparative analysis ; Coral reefs ; Corals ; Ecology/Environmental Microbiology ; Ecology/Evolutionary Ecology ; Ecology/Global Change Ecology ; Ecology/Marine and Freshwater Ecology ; Ecology/Spatial and Landscape Ecology ; Environmental conditions ; Environmental monitoring ; Evolution ; Fitness ; Global climate ; Marine and Aquatic Sciences/Climate Change ; Marine and Aquatic Sciences/Ecology ; Marine ecology ; Microorganisms ; Offspring ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; Population ; Pyrrophycophyta ; Reefs ; Science ; Studies ; Survival ; Symbiodinium ; Symbiosis ; Temperature tolerance ; Thermal stress
É parte de: PloS one, 2009-07, Vol.4 (7), p.e6364
Notas: Conceived and designed the experiments: JM RB MJHvO. Performed the experiments: JM SABM. Analyzed the data: JM JLO RB SABM BLW MJHvO. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JM JLO RB BLW MJHvO. Wrote the paper: JM JLO RB BLW MJHvO.
Descrição: Reef-building corals live in symbiosis with a diverse range of dinoflagellate algae (genus Symbiodinium) that differentially influence the fitness of the coral holobiont. The comparative role of symbiont type in holobiont fitness in relation to host genotype or the environment, however, is largely unknown. We addressed this knowledge gap by manipulating host-symbiont combinations and comparing growth, survival and thermal tolerance among the resultant holobionts in different environments. Offspring of the coral, Acropora millepora, from two thermally contrasting locations, were experimentally infected with one of six Symbiodinium types, which spanned three phylogenetic clades (A, C and D), and then outplanted to the two parental field locations (central and southern inshore Great Barrier Reef, Australia). Growth and survival of juvenile corals were monitored for 31-35 weeks, after which their thermo-tolerance was experimentally assessed. Our results showed that: (1) Symbiodinium type was the most important predictor of holobiont fitness, as measured by growth, survival, and thermo-tolerance; (2) growth and survival, but not heat-tolerance, were also affected by local environmental conditions; and (3) host population had little to no effect on holobiont fitness. Furthermore, coral-algal associations were established with symbiont types belonging to clades A, C and D, but three out of four symbiont types belonging to clade C failed to establish a symbiosis. Associations with clade A had the lowest fitness and were unstable in the field. Lastly, Symbiodinium types C1 and D were found to be relatively thermo-tolerant, with type D conferring the highest tolerance in A. millepora. These results highlight the complex interactions that occur between the coral host, the algal symbiont, and the environment to shape the fitness of the coral holobiont. An improved understanding of the factors affecting coral holobiont fitness will assist in predicting the responses of corals to global climate change.
Editor: United States: Public Library of Science
Idioma: Inglês

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The roles and interactions of symbiont, host and environment in defining coral fitness

Mieog, Jos C ; Olsen, Jeanine L ; Berkelmans, Ray ; Bleuler-Martinez, Silvia A ; Willis, Bette L ; van Oppen, Madeleine J H Bruno, John F.

United States: Public Library of Science

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