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Genetic rescue of small inbred populations: meta-analysis reveals large and consistent benefits of gene flow

Frankham, Richard

Molecular ecology, 2015-06, Vol.24 (11), p.2610-2618 [Periódico revisado por pares]

England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd

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  • Título:
    Genetic rescue of small inbred populations: meta-analysis reveals large and consistent benefits of gene flow
  • Autor: Frankham, Richard
  • Assuntos: Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crosses, Genetic ; Evolutionary biology ; evolutionary potential ; Gene Flow ; Genetic Fitness ; genetic rescue guidelines ; Genetics, Population ; heterosis ; Inbreeding ; inbreeding depression ; Meta-analysis ; Models, Genetic ; outbreeding depression ; outcrossing ; Population genetics
  • É parte de: Molecular ecology, 2015-06, Vol.24 (11), p.2610-2618
  • Notas: Table S1 Genetic rescue (GR) data set 1 for fitness.Table S2 Genetic rescue data for evolutionary potential (GREvP) for fitness traits. Table S3 Characteristics of the nine studies that reported deleterious effects of outcrossing. Table S4 Variables affecting the magnitude of genetic rescue for composite fitness based on model selection statistics using the Akaike AICc procedure on data set 5 (n = 29). Table S5 Mean genetic rescue ratios (GR: F1/inbred parents) for outcrosses of inbred parental populations for fitness traits in several domestic plant and animal species. Appendix S1 Factors expected to affect the magnitude of genetic rescues for fitness. Appendix S2 Inbreeding depression and genetic rescue for maternally and zygotically determined traits. Appendix S3 Additional details of data selection criteria Appendix S4 Response ratio for evolutionary potential and variables expected to affect it. Appendix S5 Additional considerations of results. Appendix S6 Additional Discussion. Appendix S7 Beneficial effects of outcrossing on evolutionary potential for traits peripherally related to fitness. Appendix S8 Additional discussion of genetic rescue guidelines. Fig. S1 Histograms of natural logarithm of genetic rescue ratio (ln GR) for composite fitness in outbreeding species in benign versus stressful environments. Fig. S2 Funnel plot for all genetic rescue data for fitness (ln GR) from data set 1 against logarithm of sample size weighting factor (log w).
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  • Descrição: Many species have fragmented distribution with small isolated populations suffering inbreeding depression and/or reduced ability to evolve. Without gene flow from another population within the species (genetic rescue), these populations are likely to be extirpated. However, there have been only ~ 20 published cases of such outcrossing for conservation purposes, probably a very low proportion of populations that would potentially benefit. As one impediment to genetic rescues is the lack of an overview of the magnitude and consistency of genetic rescue effects in wild species, I carried out a meta‐analysis. Outcrossing of inbred populations resulted in beneficial effects in 92.9% of 156 cases screened as having a low risk of outbreeding depression. The median increase in composite fitness (combined fecundity and survival) following outcrossing was 148% in stressful environments and 45% in benign ones. Fitness benefits also increased significantly with maternal ΔF (reduction in inbreeding coefficient due to gene flow) and for naturally outbreeding versus inbreeding species. However, benefits did not differ significantly among invertebrates, vertebrates and plants. Evolutionary potential for fitness characters in inbred populations also benefited from gene flow. There are no scientific impediments to the widespread use of outcrossing to genetically rescue inbred populations of naturally outbreeding species, provided potential crosses have a low risk of outbreeding depression. I provide revised guidelines for the management of genetic rescue attempts. See also the Perspective by Waller
  • Editor: England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Idioma: Inglês
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