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Vallisneria spiralis L. adaptive capacity improves pore water chemistry and increases potential nitrification in organic polluted sediments

Morini, Leonardo ; Ferrari, Claudio ; Bartoli, Marco ; Zilius, Mindaugas ; Broman, Elias ; Visioli, Giovanna

Ecological processes, 2024-12, Vol.13 (1), p.26-18, Article 26 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Title:
Vallisneria spiralis L. adaptive capacity improves pore water chemistry and increases potential nitrification in organic polluted sediments
Author: Morini, Leonardo ; Ferrari, Claudio ; Bartoli, Marco ; Zilius, Mindaugas ; Broman, Elias ; Visioli, Giovanna
Subjects: Acclimatization ; Aerobic capacity ; Ammonification ; Ammonium oxidation ; Anaerobic microorganisms ; Anaerobic processes ; Anoxia ; Aquatic plants ; Bacteria ; Benthos ; Biodiversity ; Biogeochemistry ; Bottom water ; Community composition ; Construction standards ; Controlled conditions ; Denitrification ; Denitrifying bacteria ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Environment ; Eutrophication ; Exudates ; Exudation ; Freshwater ; Inland water environment ; Macrophyte ; Macrophytes ; Microbial activity ; Microbial functional group ; Microbiomes ; Microorganisms ; Nature-based solution ; Nitrate reduction ; Nitrates ; Nitrification ; Nutrient deficiencies ; Nutrients ; Organic matter ; Physical properties ; Pore water ; Relative abundance ; Rhizosphere ; Rhizosphere microorganisms ; Roots ; Sediment ; Sediment pollution ; Sediments ; Vallisneria spiralis ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater treatment plants ; Water chemistry
Is Part Of: Ecological processes, 2024-12, Vol.13 (1), p.26-18, Article 26
Description: Background Macrophytes may modify benthic biodiversity and biogeochemistry via radial oxygen loss from roots. This condition contrasts sediments anoxia, allows roots respiration, and facilitates aerobic microbial communities and processes in the rhizosphere. Simultaneously, the rhizosphere can stimulate anaerobic microorganisms and processes via exudates or by favoring the build-up of electron acceptors as nitrate. As eutrophication often results in organic enrichment in sediments and large internal nutrients recycling, an interesting research question is to investigate whether plants maintain the capacity to stimulate aerobic or anaerobic microbial communities and processes also under elevated organic pollution. Methods A manipulative experiment was carried out under laboratory-controlled conditions. Microcosms containing bare sediments and sediments transplanted with the macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis L. were created. The effect of the plant was investigated on sediments with moderate (8%) and elevated (21%) organic matter content, after an acclimatization period of 30 days. Chemical and physical parameters, microbial community composition and the potential rates of nitrification, denitrification and nitrate ammonification were measured at two different depths (0–1 and 1–5 cm) after the acclimatization period to evaluate the role of roots. Results Vallisneria spiralis grew and assimilated pore water nutrients at the two organic matter levels and vegetated sediments had always nutrient-depleted porewaters as compared to bare sediments. Nitrifying microbes had a lower relative abundance and diversity compared to denitrifying bacteria. However, regardless of the organic content, in vegetated sediments nitrifiers were detected in deeper horizons as compared to bare sediments, where nitrification was confined near the surface. In contrast, potential denitrification rates were not affected by the presence of roots, but probably regulated by the presence of nitrate and by root-dependent nitrification. Potential nitrate ammonification rates were always much lower (< 3%) than potential denitrification rates. Conclusions Vallisneria spiralis affects N-related microbial diversity and biogeochemistry at moderate and elevated organic matter content, smoothing bottom water–pore water chemical gradients and stimulating nitrification and nitrogen loss via denitrification. These results suggest the possibility to deploy V. spiralis as a nature-based solution to counteract eutrophication in freshwater systems impacted by high loads of organic matter, for example, downstream of wastewater treatment plants.
Publisher: Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Language: English

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Vallisneria spiralis L. adaptive capacity improves pore water chemistry and increases potential nitrification in organic polluted sediments

Morini, Leonardo ; Ferrari, Claudio ; Bartoli, Marco ; Zilius, Mindaugas ; Broman, Elias ; Visioli, Giovanna

Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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