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Responses of terrestrial aridity to global warming

Fu, Qiang ; Feng, Song

Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres, 2014-07, Vol.119 (13), p.7863-7875 [Periódico revisado por pares]

Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd

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  • Título:
    Responses of terrestrial aridity to global warming
  • Autor: Fu, Qiang ; Feng, Song
  • Assuntos: Aridity ; Climate ; Driers ; dryland ; Evapotranspiration ; Geophysics ; Global warming ; hydrological cycle ; Land ; Oceans ; potential evapotranspiration ; Relative humidity ; terrestrial
  • É parte de: Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres, 2014-07, Vol.119 (13), p.7863-7875
  • Notas: NSFC - No. 41275070
    ark:/67375/WNG-KT0WCKBP-N
    National Basic Research Program of China - No. 2012CB955303
    ArticleID:JGRD51520
    istex:34B721513FAA32463FA6E8FA1E8936AAD9D4AF42
    NSF - No. AGS-1439964
    ObjectType-Article-1
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
    ObjectType-Feature-2
    content type line 23
  • Descrição: The dryness of terrestrial climate can be measured by the ratio of annual precipitation (P) to potential evapotranspiration (PET), where the latter represents the evaporative demand of the atmosphere, which depends on the surface air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and available energy. This study examines how the terrestrial mean aridity responds to global warming in terms of P/PET using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 transient CO2 increase to 2 × CO2 simulations. We show that the (percentage) increase (rate) in P averaged over land is ~1.7%/°C ocean mean surface air temperature increase, while the increase in PET is 5.3%/°C, leading to a decrease in P/PET (i.e., a drier terrestrial climate) by ~3.4%/°C. Noting a similar rate of percentage increase in P over land to that in evaporation (E) over ocean, we propose a framework for examining the change in P/PET, in which we compare the change in PET over land and E over ocean, both expressed using the Penman–Monteith formula. We show that a drier terrestrial climate is caused by (i) enhanced land warming relative to the ocean, (ii) a decrease in relative humidity over land but an increase over ocean, (iii) part of increase in net downward surface radiation going into the deep ocean, and (iv) different responses of PET over land and E over ocean for given changes in atmospheric conditions (largely associated with changes in temperatures). The relative contributions to the change in terrestrial mean aridity from these four factors are about 35%, 35%, 15%, and 15%, respectively. The slight slowdown of the surface wind over both land and ocean has little impact on the terrestrial mean aridity. Key Points The response of terrestrial aridity to global warming in terms of P/PET A decrease in P/PET (i.e., a drier terrestrial climate) by ~3.4%/°C Examine the P/PET change by comparing changes in PET over land and E over ocean
  • Editor: Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Idioma: Inglês
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