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Heredity, Environment, and Public Policy Reconsidered

Jencks, Christopher

American sociological review, 1980-10, Vol.45 (5), p.723-736 [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: American Sociological Association

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  • Título:
    Heredity, Environment, and Public Policy Reconsidered
  • Autor: Jencks, Christopher
  • Assuntos: Behavior/Behavioral ; Environment/Environments/ Environmental/ Environmentally ; Genetic variation ; Genetic/Genetically/Genetics ; Genotypes ; Heredity/Hereditary ; Heritability ; Human genetics ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Intelligence quotient ; Medical genetics ; Phenotype ; Phenotypes ; Phenotypic traits ; Policy/Policies ; Population genetics ; Public Policy ; Social Environment ; Statistical variance
  • É parte de: American sociological review, 1980-10, Vol.45 (5), p.723-736
  • Notas: ObjectType-Article-1
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
    ObjectType-Feature-2
    content type line 23
  • Descrição: Given suitable data, we can estimate the degree to which genetic variation explains observed variation in human behavior (h^2). But, contrary to what most investigators assume, the amount of nongenetic variation (1-h^2) sets no upper limit on the explanatory power of environmental variation. This is because genetic variation often causes environmental variation, so the two categories are not mutually exclusive. The assumption that the two categories are mutually exclusive derives from a narrowly physiological model of the way in which genes affect behavior. This model is inconsistent with all the most familiar examples of genes affecting behavior, especially the examples of race and sex. Heritability estimates set no upper limit on the potential effect of reducing or eliminating variation in environmental factors that currently vary in response to genotype, as many do. Nor do they set an upper limit on the effect of creating new environments. Heritability estimates do set an upper limit on the effect of reducing or eliminating environmental variations that are independent of genotype, but other statistics usually provide even better estimates of these effects. There is no evidence that genetically based inequalities are harder to eliminate than other inequalities. Until we know how genes affect specific forms of behavior, heritability estimates will tell us almost nothing of importance.
  • Editor: United States: American Sociological Association
  • Idioma: Inglês
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