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Diagnosing upper and lower respiratory tract infections

Chandra, Rajasri

MLO. Medical laboratory observer, 2023-02, Vol.55 (2), p.8-14

Nashville: Endeavor Business Media

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  • Título:
    Diagnosing upper and lower respiratory tract infections
  • Autor: Chandra, Rajasri
  • Assuntos: Bacteria ; Care and treatment ; Diagnosis ; Effectiveness ; Evaluation ; Health screening ; Infection ; Influenza ; Medical screening ; Respiratory diseases ; Respiratory tract diseases ; Viruses
  • É parte de: MLO. Medical laboratory observer, 2023-02, Vol.55 (2), p.8-14
  • Descrição: According to the Global Burden of Disease report of 2019, 489 million LRI episodes occurred, leading to a total of 2.5 million deaths.5 LRIs can be caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi.1,6 Table 2 shows the probable symptoms of LRIs. Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and respiratory enteroviruses (HEVs) are leading causes of upper respiratory tract infections and among the most frequent infectious agents in humans worldwide.8 Both are classified in the enterovirus genus within the Picornaviridae family, and they have been assigned to seven distinct species, RV-A, B, C and EV-A, B, C, D.8 HRV was first identified in the 1950s and known to cause over 50% of cases of"common cold. [...]recent research shows that HRV is not only able to effectively reach, penetrate, and replicate within the lower airway epithelium of individuals in vivo, but also causes histologic changes of the lung interstitium and alveoli. [...]HRVs have now been shown to be an important cause of superinfection, with bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus.9 Recent clinical studies in pediatrics have also shown the association of HRVs with lower respiratory tract infections including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that flu has resulted in 9 million - 41 million illnesses, 140,000 - 710,000 hospitalizations, and 12,000 - 52,000 deaths annually between 2010 and 2020.17 Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): RSV is an enveloped single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Orthopneumovirus, family Pneumoviridae.
  • Editor: Nashville: Endeavor Business Media
  • Idioma: Inglês
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