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Reconstructing Indian population history

Reich, David ; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy ; Patterson, Nick ; Price, Alkes L ; Singh, Lalji

Nature, 2009-09, Vol.461 (7263), p.489-494 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

London: Nature Publishing Group

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Title:
Reconstructing Indian population history
Author: Reich, David ; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy ; Patterson, Nick ; Price, Alkes L ; Singh, Lalji
Subjects: Anthropometry ; Asia - ethnology ; Asian Americans ; Biological and medical sciences ; Chromosomes, Human, Y - genetics ; Continental Population Groups - genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics ; Estimates ; Ethnic Groups - genetics ; Europe - ethnology ; Female ; Founder Effect ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene Frequency ; Genes ; Genes, Recessive - genetics ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic variation ; Genetic Variation - genetics ; Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution ; Genetics, Medical ; Genetics, Population ; Genome, Human - genetics ; Genomics ; Genotype ; Geography ; Human ; Humans ; India ; Indian ; Language ; Linkage Disequilibrium - genetics ; Male ; Methods ; Middle East - ethnology ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide - genetics ; Population ; Population genetics ; Population genetics, reproduction patterns ; Principal Component Analysis ; Principal components analysis ; Screens ; Signatures
Is Part Of: Nature, 2009-09, Vol.461 (7263), p.489-494
Notes: ObjectType-Article-1
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These authors contributed equally
Description: India has been underrepresented in genome-wide surveys of human variation. We analyse 25 diverse groups in India to provide strong evidence for two ancient populations, genetically divergent, that are ancestral to most Indians today. One, the 'Ancestral North Indians' (ANI), is genetically close to Middle Easterners, Central Asians, and Europeans, whereas the other, the 'Ancestral South Indians' (ASI), is as distinct from ANI and East Asians as they are from each other. By introducing methods that can estimate ancestry without accurate ancestral populations, we show that ANI ancestry ranges from 39-71% in most Indian groups, and is higher in traditionally upper caste and Indo-European speakers. Groups with only ASI ancestry may no longer exist in mainland India. However, the indigenous Andaman Islanders are unique in being ASI-related groups without ANI ancestry. Allele frequency differences between groups in India are larger than in Europe, reflecting strong founder effects whose signatures have been maintained for thousands of years owing to endogamy. We therefore predict that there will be an excess of recessive diseases in India, which should be possible to screen and map genetically.
Publisher: London: Nature Publishing Group
Language: English

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Reconstructing Indian population history

Reich, David ; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy ; Patterson, Nick ; Price, Alkes L ; Singh, Lalji

London: Nature Publishing Group

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