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The effectiveness of nudging: A meta-analysis of choice architecture interventions across behavioral domains

Mertens, Stephanie ; Herberz, Mario ; Hahnel, Ulf J J ; Brosch, Tobias

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2022-01, Vol.119 (1) [Periódico revisado por pares]

United States: National Academy of Sciences

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  • Título:
    The effectiveness of nudging: A meta-analysis of choice architecture interventions across behavioral domains
  • Autor: Mertens, Stephanie ; Herberz, Mario ; Hahnel, Ulf J J ; Brosch, Tobias
  • Assuntos: Alternatives ; Behavior ; Choice Behavior - classification ; Domains ; Food Preferences ; Geographical distribution ; Geographical locations ; Humans ; Intention ; Meta-analysis ; Social Sciences
  • É parte de: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2022-01, Vol.119 (1)
  • Notas: ObjectType-Article-2
    SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
    ObjectType-Feature-1
    content type line 23
    Edited by Susan Fiske, Psychology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ; received April 27, 2021; accepted November 24, 2021
    Author contributions: S.M., M.H., U.J.J.H., and T.B. designed research; S.M. and M.H. performed research; S.M. analyzed data; and S.M., M.H., U.J.J.H., and T.B. wrote the paper.
  • Descrição: Over the past decade, choice architecture interventions or so-called nudges have received widespread attention from both researchers and policy makers. Built on insights from the behavioral sciences, this class of behavioral interventions focuses on the design of choice environments that facilitate personally and socially desirable decisions without restricting people in their freedom of choice. Drawing on more than 200 studies reporting over 450 effect sizes ( = 2,149,683), we present a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of choice architecture interventions across techniques, behavioral domains, and contextual study characteristics. Our results show that choice architecture interventions overall promote behavior change with a small to medium effect size of Cohen's = 0.45 (95% CI [0.39, 0.52]). In addition, we find that the effectiveness of choice architecture interventions varies significantly as a function of technique and domain. Across behavioral domains, interventions that target the organization and structure of choice alternatives (decision structure) consistently outperform interventions that focus on the description of alternatives (decision information) or the reinforcement of behavioral intentions (decision assistance). Food choices are particularly responsive to choice architecture interventions, with effect sizes up to 2.5 times larger than those in other behavioral domains. Overall, choice architecture interventions affect behavior relatively independently of contextual study characteristics such as the geographical location or the target population of the intervention. Our analysis further reveals a moderate publication bias toward positive results in the literature. We end with a discussion of the implications of our findings for theory and behaviorally informed policy making.
  • Editor: United States: National Academy of Sciences
  • Idioma: Inglês
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  • Realização: ABCD-USP USP   Logos de Redes Sociais: Freepik

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