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Exposure assessment to multiple mycotoxins in rural areas of São Paulo and Santa Catarina states, Brazil

Franco, Larissa Tuanny

Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP; Universidade de São Paulo; Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos 2019-02-15

Acesso online. A biblioteca também possui exemplares impressos.

  • Título:
    Exposure assessment to multiple mycotoxins in rural areas of São Paulo and Santa Catarina states, Brazil
  • Autor: Franco, Larissa Tuanny
  • Orientador: Oliveira, Carlos Augusto Fernandes de
  • Assuntos: Alimentos; Análise; Urina; Avaliação De Risco; Biomarcador; Rações; Micotoxinas; Risk Assessment; Mycotoxins; Food; Feed; Biomarker; Analysis; Urine
  • Notas: Tese (Doutorado)
  • Descrição: Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi that occur naturally in foodstuffs, which can cause a large variety of toxic effects on vertebrates including humans. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the co-occurrence of 11 mycotoxins in food products, feed for broiler chicks, laying hens and dairy cattle, assess the human exposure to mycotoxins through food analysis versus consumption data and multimycotoxin biomarkers in urine, and characterize the associated risk of mycotoxin exposure in Brazilian rural areas. Sampling procedures were conducted in 38 small-scale dairy and poultry farms in the surroundings of Pirassununga and Descalvado (State of São Paulo), Pinhalzinho and Erval Velho (State of Santa Catarina). In these farms a total of 86 volunteers were recruited and instructed to provide samples of the morning urine (N = 162) in two sampling periods (April-May/2016 and December/2016), along with samples of rice (N = 66), bean (N = 59), wheat (N = 39), corn flour (N = 21) and corn meal (N = 18) available in their households. Samples of feed for broilers (N = 10), laying hens (N = 20) and dairy cattle (N = 15) were also collected. All samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for determination of aflatoxins (AF) B1, B2, G1 and G2, fumonisins (F) B1 and B2, ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), toxin T-2 and toxin HT-2 in food products and feeds, and AFM1, AFP1, AFQ1, FB1, OTA, T-2, HT-2, DON, de-epoxideoxynivalenol (DOM-1), ZEN, α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), β-zearalenol (β-ZEL) and 15-acetyl-DON in urine samples. The mycotoxin levels in urine were adjusted to creatinine concentration in each sample analyzed. In feed samples, median levels of total AF, total FB, ZEN and DON were 100 µg/kg, 680 µg/kg, 160 µg/kg and 200 µg/kg, respectively. The co-occurrence of two or more mycotoxins was confirmed in 51% of feed samples. Results indicate a high exposure of farm animals to mycotoxins in the feed, hence emphasizing the need to improve the feed quality regarding the contamination with mycotoxins in small-scale farms in Brazil, and the necessity of include feed in Brazilian regulation, especially for AF, FB, and ZEN. Mycotoxin levels above the Brazilian maximum permitted levels (MPL) were found in rice (1.5%), wheat flour (12.8%) and corn flour (14.3%) samples. Urine determinations revealed the presence of AFM1 and AFP1, DON, OTA, FB1 and ZEN at levels of 0.02-12.0 ng/mg creatinine. Regarding the probable daily intake (PDI) based on food data, only ZEN (0.156 µg/kg b.w./day) had a Hazard Quotient (HQ) above the tolerance (> 1). PDI values based on urinary levels for DON, OTA and total AF were 84.914, 0.031 and 0.001 µg/kg b.w./day, respectively, resulting in HQ values > 1, which may indicate health risks for the population studied. An informal intervention by means of educational activities and delivery of an information flyer during the first sampling period did not change the exposure levels to mycotoxins in the second sampling period. Further studies are needed to identify food items other than those analyzed in this work as sources of dietary mycotoxins, as well as the contribution of inhalation of contaminated dusts for the exposure. This is the first study to report the risk assessment of mycotoxins based on food and urinary levels in rural areas in Brazil.
  • DOI: 10.11606/T.74.2019.tde-25042019-101659
  • Editor: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP; Universidade de São Paulo; Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos
  • Data de criação/publicação: 2019-02-15
  • Formato: Adobe PDF
  • Idioma: Inglês
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